Chapter 1: The Ethical Dimension of Human Existence

Question 1

good things that we should do and the bad things that we should avoid

Answer 1

Ethics

Question 2

deals with principles of ethical behavior in modern society at the level of the person, society, and in interaction with the environment and other shared resources

Answer 2

ethics

Question 3

Ethics deals with principles of _______ in modern society at the level of the person, society, and in interaction with the environment and other shared resources

Answer 3

ethical behavior

Question 4

pertains to the standards of right and wrong that an individual originally picks up from the community.

Answer 4

Morality

Question 5

Morality pertains to the standards of right and wrong that an individual originally picks up from the ___

Answer 5

community

Question 6

acceptable and unacceptable in human behavior

Answer 6

Ethics

Question 7

right ways in which we could or should act and the wrong ways of
acting

Answer 7

Ethics

Question 8

“aesthesis” (“sense” or “feeling”) and refers to the judgements of personal approval or disapproval that we make about what we see, hear, smell, or taste

Answer 8

Aesthetics Valuation

Question 9

Aesthetics – derived from the Greek word “___” (“___” or “___”) and refers to the judgements of personal approval or disapproval that we make about what we see, hear, smell, or taste.

Answer 9

aesthesis

sense, feeling

Question 10

certain approval or disapproval of actions which can be relatively more trivial in nature.

Answer 10

Etiquette Valuation

Question 11

“techne”, techniques and technical which are often used to refer to a proper way (or right way) of doing things but may not necessarily be an ethical

Answer 11

Technical Valuation

Question 12

Technical Valuation – derive from the Greek word “____” the English words techniques and technical which are often used to refer to a proper way (or right way) of doing things but may _____ be an ethical.

Answer 12

techne

not necessarily

Question 13

used to refer specific beliefs or attitudes that people have or
to describe acts that people perform.

Answer 13

Morals

Question 14

the discipline of studying and understanding ideal human
behavior and ideal ways of thinking

Answer 14

Ethics

Question 15

reports how people, particularly groups, make their moral valuations without making any judgement either for or against these valuations.

Answer 15

Descriptive Ethics

Question 16

a prescribes what we ought to maintain as our standards or bases for moral valuations.

Answer 16

Normative Ethics

Question 17

used to refer to those particular situations that are often the source of considerable and inclusive debates (thus we would often hear topics such as capital punishment and euthanasia as moral issue)

Answer 17

Moral issue

Question 18

when one is faced in a situation and confronted by the choice of what act to perform.

Answer 18

Moral Decision

Question 19

when one is an observer who makes an assessment on the actions or behavior.

Answer 19

Moral Judgment

Question 20

When an individual can choose only one from a number of possible actions and there are
compelling ethical reasons for the various choices.

Answer 20

Moral Dilemma

Question 21

Rationally established grounds by which one justifies and maintains her moral decisions and judgement.

Answer 21

Principle

Question 22

systematic attempt to establish the validity of maintaining certain moral principles. It is a structure which can evaluate our reasons for valuing a certain decision or judgement.

Answer 22

Moral Theory/Framework

Question 23

A systematic attempt to establish the validity of maintaining certain moral principles.

Answer 23

Moral Theory/Framework

Question 24

It is a structure which can evaluate our reasons for valuing a certain decision or judgement.

Answer 24

Moral Theory/Framework

Question 25

This can make us reflect on the principles that we maintain and thus, the decisions and judgments we make.

Answer 25

Moral Theory/Framework

Question 26

system of rules that are created and enforced through social and
governmental institutions to regulate behavior.

Answer 26

Authority of the Law

Question 27

a system that regulates and ensures that individuals or a community adhere to the will of the state.

Answer 27

law

Question 28

We are presented with a more or less clear code of prohibitions
and many of these prohibitions given by religion

Answer 28

Authority of Religion

Question 29

The divinity called God, Allah, or Supreme Being commands and one is obliged to obey her Creator.

Answer 29

Divine Command Theory

Question 30

integrated pattern of human knowledge belief and behavior that depends upon the capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding
generations.

Answer 30

Authority of Culture

Question 31

“Love the Lord, Your God, therefore and always heed his charge: his statutes, decrees, and commandments.”

Answer 31

Deuteronomy 1:11

Question 32

“Love the Lord, Your God, therefore and always heed his __: his __, ___, and _______.”

Deuteronomy 1:11

Answer 32

charge

statutes
decrees
commandments

Question 33

there is no single universal standard for such valuations, and that this holds true as
well in the realm of ethics.

Answer 33

Cultural Relativism

Question 34

seems to conform to what we experience which is the reality of
the differences in how cultures make their ethical valuations.

Answer 34

Cultural Relativism

Question 35

Wrote a criticism about “Authority of Culture”

Answer 35

James Rachels’ Criticism

Question 36

On the ______, we realize the presence of a multiplicity of religions. Each faith demands differently from its adherents, which would apparently result in conflicting ethical standards.

Answer 36

practical level

Question 37

On ____, we can see a further problem where one requires the believer to clarify her understanding of the connection between ethics and the Divine.

Answer 37

conceptual level

Question 38

ecognize that the individual thinking person (the subject) is at the heart of all moral valuation.

Answer 38

Subjectivism

Question 39

The individual is the sole determinant of what is morally good or bad, right or wrong

Answer 39

Subjectivism

Question 40

__ seems to conform to what we experience which is the reality of the differences in how cultures make their ethical valuations.

Answer 40

Cultural relativism

Question 41

“Human beings are naturally self-centered, so all our actions are always already motivated by self-interest”. The theory describes the underlying dynamic behind all human actions.

Answer 41

Psychological Egoism

Question 42

it points out that there is already an underlying basis for how one’s act.

Answer 42

Psychological Egoism

Question 43

when an idea is marked by simplicity, it has unique appeal to it

Answer 43

Simplicity

Question 44

; a theory that conveniently identifies a single basis that will somehow account for all actions is a good example of this.

Answer 44

Simplicity

Question 45

In subjectivism, the ____ thinking person (the subject) is at the heart of all moral valuation.

Answer 45

individual

Question 46

self-interest is behind a person’s actions.

Answer 46

Plausibility

Question 47

It is clearly the motivation behind many of the actions one perform which are obviously self-serving;

Answer 47

Plausibility

Question 48

it could very well also be the motivation behind an individual’s seemingly other-directed actions.

Answer 48

plausibility

Question 49

there is the self-serving motive at
the root of everything.

Answer 49

Irrefutable

Question 50

we should make our own ends, our own interests, as the single overriding concern.

Answer 50

Ethical Egoism

Question 51

We may act in a way that is beneficial to others, but we should do that only if it ultimately benefits us.

Answer 51

Ethical Egoism