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Psych unit 1 > Chapter 3 Mind, Brain, Behavior > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Mind, Brain, Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

brain and spinal cord

A

central nervous system

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2
Q

includes somatic NS, (conscious movement)
automatic NS (not voluntary), sympathetic NS (fight or flight),
parasympathetic NS (returns body to rest state)

A

peripheral nervous system

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3
Q

neurons that bring information

A

sensory neurons

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4
Q

neurons that receive brain signals

A

motor neurons

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5
Q

only in CNS, reflexive movement, straight from motor neurons

A

interneurons

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6
Q

system of glands that control production and release of hormones

A

endocrine system

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7
Q

master gland

A

pituitary gland

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8
Q

fight or flight hormones, adrenaline and cortisol

A

adrenal glands

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9
Q

metabolism regulation

A

thyroid gland

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10
Q

calcium level regulation

A

parathyroid gland

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11
Q

ovaries and testes

A

sex glands

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12
Q

includes cerebral cortex, subcortical structures, evolutionarily newest

A

forebrain

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13
Q

outer layer of brain, essential functions

A

cerebral cortex

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14
Q

lobe for reasoning and decisions

A

frontal lobe

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15
Q

lobe for hearing and memory of objects

A

temporal lobe

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16
Q

lobe for touch and spatial awareness

A

parietal lobe

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17
Q

lobe for taste and awareness of internal organ state

A

insular lobe

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18
Q

lobe for vision

A

occipital lobe

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19
Q

outermost layer, folds, wrinkles, higher cognitive functions

A

neocortex

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20
Q

involved in movement, one of 3 anatomical brain parts

A

midbrain

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21
Q

evolutionarily oldest part, survival functions

A

hindbrain

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22
Q

located in frontal lobe, voluntary movement

A

primary motor cortex

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23
Q

located in parietal lobe,
touch sense

A

primary somatosensory cortex

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24
Q

located in all lobes, Integrates info from sense with previous knowledge, creates our experience of the world, related to adjacent primary cortex

A

association cortices

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25
Q

involves hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, basil ganglia, thalamus

A

limbic system

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26
Q

responsible for memory

A

hippocampus

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27
Q

responsible for emotional processes

A

amygdala

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28
Q

responsible for bodily regulations (temp., etc.)

A

hypothalamus

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29
Q

evolutionarily old, control and execution of movements

A

basil ganglia

30
Q

sensory info goes in (not smell) and then to an association cortex

A

thalamus

31
Q

Connects to spinal cord,
responsible for basic functions

A

brain stem

32
Q

controls breathing, relays sensations to subcortex and cortex

A

pons

33
Q

autonomic functions (heart rate, etc.)

A

medulla oblongata

34
Q

regulates sleep and arousal

A

reticular formation

35
Q

coordination, motor skill, precision, balance, timing

A

cerebellum

36
Q

cognitive processes that allow us to plan, focus, and organize tasks, associated with prefrontal cortex

A

executive functions

37
Q

nerve bundle that connects two brain hemispheres

A

corpus callosum

38
Q

hemispheres control opposite side of body

A

contralateral control

39
Q

collections of brain regions that are connected and work to support brain function

A

brain networks

40
Q

tries to map all neural brain connections

A

brain connectome project

41
Q

combines Xray images

A

CT scan

42
Q

uses magnetic fields and radio waves to make brain images

A

MRI

43
Q

variation of MRI, lets researchers see size and direction of connections between regions of brain

A

DTI

44
Q

pseudoscience teaching that skull structure and bumps indicate personality and mental ability

A

phrenology

45
Q

looking at brain function through damage to brain

A

neuropsychology

46
Q

abnormal tissue resulting from disease, trauma, surgical intervention

A

lesion

47
Q

when a specific brain area is involved in a certain function but not other functions

A

dissociation

48
Q

measures electrical activity of one neuron

A

single cell recording

49
Q

records electrical waves of thousands of neurons

A

EEG

50
Q

magnetic field recording from brain’s electrical current

A

MEG

51
Q

synchronized electrical response to an event

A

ERP

52
Q

radioactive glucose tracked in brain to see areas of activity

A

PET

53
Q

measures brain function by tracking oxygen in brain’s blood flow

A

fMRI

54
Q

stimulation of specific brain parts with implanted electrodes

A

DBS

55
Q

short, high power electrical surge to coil

A

TMS

56
Q

low electrical current, less precise, longer time

A

TDCS

57
Q

study of how genetic factors influence trait variation between members across a population

A

behavioral genetics

58
Q

indication of how much variation in phenotype across people is because of genotype differences

A

heritability

59
Q

brain’s ability to modify over lifetime

A

neural plasticity

60
Q

new brain cells born

A

neurogenesis

61
Q

new synapses generated in the brain

A

synaptogenesis

62
Q

early life periods where specific experiences must occur for normal development

A

critical periods

63
Q

neural changes that happen after injury that usually results in brain reorganization

A

damage plasticity

64
Q

cell that hasn’t undergone differentiation into a specialized cell

A

stem cell

65
Q

cells make up myelin sheath around axon

A

glia

66
Q

rapid change in voltage created by neuron when successfully stimulated to surpass critical threshold

A

action potential

67
Q

55 mV

A

voltage threshold

68
Q

sodium ions enter neuron

A

depolarization

69
Q

potassium ions exit neuron

A

polarization

70
Q

blocks neurotransmission

A

antagonist

71
Q

mimics neurotransmitter

A

agonist

Psych unit 1 (6 decks)

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