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Midterm 1 - Physiology > Chapter 3: Metabolism & Transport > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Metabolism & Transport Flashcards

1
Q

———- is located in the mitochondrial membrane?
A. The citric acid cycle
B. Glycolysis
C. The electron transport chain.
D. Pyruvic acid

A

C. The electron transport chain.

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2
Q

The sum total of all chemical reactions happening in the body is called?

A

Metabolism

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3
Q

There are 2 forms of Metabolism

A

Anabolism
Catabolism

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4
Q

Which chemical reactions breaks down and releases energy?

A

Catabolism

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5
Q

Which chemical reactions are generally hydrolytic reactions(use water) and releases energy in the form of ATP?

A

Catabolism

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6
Q

Which chemical reactions are generally dehydration reactions (lose water) and use energy in the form of ATP (Ex. Protein synthesis)

A

Anabolism

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7
Q

Which reactions transfer energy from ATP to complex molecules?

A

Anabolic reaction

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8
Q

Which reactions transfer energy from complex molecules to ATP?

A

Catabolic reactions

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9
Q

What energy currency can be stored, spent and /or exchanged?

A

ATP (Adenine Triphosphate)

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10
Q

3 major Steps involved in ATP productions

A
  1. Glycolysis
  2. Citric acid cycle
  3. Electron Transport chain.
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11
Q

What is the glucose breakdown in cytoplasm called?

A

Glycolysis

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12
Q

Where does citric acid cycle (Kreb’s cycle) ATP production happens?

A

In Mitochondria.

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13
Q

Citric acid cycle consists of how many separate biochemical reactions?

A

8

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14
Q

Electron transport chain requires oxygen for its ATP production.

True or False?

A

True

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15
Q

What is the principle form of energy in the cell?

The metabolic money of your cell.

A

ATP

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16
Q

What is the ready form of energy?

A

ATP

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17
Q

What is broken down in 10 enzymatically controlled steps?

A

Glucose

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18
Q

Without ___________ , glycolysis can not take place?

A

Enzymes.

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19
Q

Citric acid cycle absolutely requires oxygen for its ATP production.

True or False?

A

True

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20
Q

Glycolysis is a chemical process involving 10 separate reactions that break down glucose into __________?

A

2 pyruvic acids molecules

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21
Q

Glycolysis produces _______ NADHs?

A

2

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22
Q

Net amount of ATP produced @ Electron transport?

A

36 ATP

Because 2 atp are used for transport, from cytoplasm to the mitochondria.

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23
Q

Where is the Electron transport chain present?

A

Inner Mitochondrial membrane

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24
Q

Which process produces the highest number of ATP?

A

Electron transport chain (ETC)

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25
Q

Glycolysis and preparatory stages produces how many NADHs respectively?

A

2 NADHs each

26
Q

Kreb’s cycle produces how many NADHs?

A

6 NADHs.

27
Q

Aerobic metabolism works _________oxygen, goes through _____ cycles and produces a net amount of _______ ATPs.

A

With, the 3 cyles, 36 ATPs.

28
Q

Anaerobic metabolism works ______ oxygen, _______ ATPs is produced and ________ cycle produces it

A

Without, Glycolysis, 2 ATPs.

29
Q

Plasma membrane is semi-permeable membrane.

True or False

A

True

30
Q

What does Cholesterol do in the plasma membrane?

A

It stabilizes cell membrane over a range of temperature.

31
Q

What prevents fatty acids from crystalizing in the cell membrane?

A

Cholesterol.

32
Q

Non polar end(tails) of the phospholipids are made up of?

A

Fatty acids

33
Q

Phospholipids is called bilayer because……..

A

It has:
Polar end (head)
Non polar end (taill

34
Q

How many molecules does uni port carrier carry?

A

One

35
Q

What type of carrier is Glucose transporter (GLUT)

A

Uniport carrier

36
Q

How many molecules does symport carrier carry?

A

2 molecules going to same directions.

37
Q

Example of a Symport carrier is?

A

Sodium Glucose transporter (SGLUT)

38
Q

How many molecules does Antiport carriers carry?

A

2 or more molecules going to opposite directions.

39
Q

Example of an Antiport carriers?

A

2 Potassium and 3 Sodium molecules.

40
Q

When carbohydrates combine with sugar(glucose), what is it called?

A

Glycoprotein

41
Q

ECM is made up 3 insoluble proteins:

A

Collagen
Elastin
Fibronectin

42
Q

What are the cable-like proteins that are fibrous too?

A

Collagen

43
Q

What are the unassisted membrane transport (no use of energy)

A
  1. Osmosis
  2. Diffusion
  3. Facilitated transport
44
Q

What is the net diffusion of water from the area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through a semi permeable membrane?

A

Osmosis

45
Q

What is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration called?

A

Diffusion

46
Q

What is a process where substances move from area of higher concentration to an area of low concentration but requires a carrier molecule?

A

Facilitated transport

47
Q

2 main types of Active transport

A
  1. Primary active transport
  2. Secondary active transport.
48
Q

Which transport requires a carrier Molecule (fresh ATP) and often results to disequilibrium?

A

Active transport

49
Q

Which transport requires direct use of ATP molecules?

A

Primary active transport

50
Q

Which transport uses the indirect use of ATP that is already broken down by primary active transport?

A

Secondary active transport

51
Q

2 types of vesicular transport?

A

Endocytosis
Exocytosis

52
Q

Endocytosis is made of 3 types namely:

A
  1. Pinocytosis
  2. Phagocytosis
  3. Receptor mediated.
53
Q

Pinocytosis is also know as?

A

Cell drinking

54
Q

Phagocytosis is also known as

A

Cell eating

55
Q

Where is Glycolysis happening?

A

In the Cytoplasm

56
Q

Coenzyme remodels 3 carbon atom to

A

2 carbon atoms

57
Q

Fluid Mosaic Model (Bilayer) of plasma membrane consist of?

A
  1. Phospholipids
  2. Cholesterols
  3. Protein molecules
  4. Carbohydrates
58
Q

Which component contribute to the fluidity of the plasma membrane

A

Cholesterol

59
Q

Trans memberane proteins are called

A

Integral proteins

60
Q

Fibronecton are never seen in __________ cells.

A

Cancer

Midterm 1 - Physiology (7 decks)

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