Cell Physiology Chapter 1 Flashcards
What are the components of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
Elastic fibers
Reticular Fiber
Ground substance
What is responsible for the physical properties of a connective tissue?
Extracellular Matrix
What is the wet gel that permits the exchange of nutrients and wastes btwn cells and blood?
Ground substance.
What are the basic cell functions?
- Obtain nutrients and oxygen.
- Perform chemical reactions.
- Eliminate carbon dioxide and other wastes.
- Synthesize needed cellular components.
- Control exchange of materials.
- Sensing and responding to changes in surroundings environment.
- Reproduction.
What are the 4 primary types of tissue?
- Muscle tissue
- Nervous tissue
- Epithelial tissue.
- Connective tissue.
2 types of Epithelial tissue organized by structure.
- Epithelial sheets
- Secretory glands.
Atoms - ( ? ) - cells - ( ? ) - organs - (?) - organisms.
Molecules, Tissue, organ systems
What are the smallest unit of life function?
Cells
3 types of muscle tissues?
- Skeletal muscle
- Smooth muscle
- Cardiac muscle.
All glands in the human body are made up of what tissue?
Epithelial tissue
What are the excitable tissues in the body?
Muscle tissue
2 parts of Nervous system?
- Central Nervous system(CNS)
- Peripheral Nervous system(PNS)
What makes up the central nervous system?
Brain and spinal cord
2 parts of the Peripheral Nervous system?
- Part that takes message TO the CNS.
- Part that takes message FROM the CNS.
What lines the organ system?
Epithelial sheets
Hollow cavity is called?
Lumen
Secretory glands are divided into?
Exocrine and Endocrine glands
Which glands are glands with ducts?
Exocrine glands
What are the examples of exocrine glands?
Sweat glands and Tear glands
Which glands secretes hormones directly into the blood?
Endocrine glands
An example of the Endocrine glands?
Pancreas glands
Types of Connective tissue
- Bone
- Tendons
- Blood
- Loose tissue
2 or more primary tissue that function together to perform a particular function?
Organs
Human body has how many organ system?
11
Maintaining a constant internal environment by minimizing and responding to changes is called?
Homeostatis
Fluids that make up the homeostasis?
- Intracellular fluid (ICF)
- Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
What is the fluid that surrounds the cells called?
Interstitial fluid (ISF)
What are the 2 components of ECF?
Plasma and Institial fluid (ISF)
Homeostasis control systems are:
- Intrinsic control (Internal)
- Extrinsic control (External)
Which control is initiated outside of the organ?
Extrinsic control
Which control is initiated inside the organ?
Intrinsic control
The homeostasis control mechanism functions with 3 components namely?
- A sensor (usually a nerve cell)
- An integrator (hypothalamus)
- An effector (cell, tissue, or organ that responds to the integrator)
Which organ system is not essential for Homeostasis?
Reproductive system
What detects deviations, integrate the information and make appropriate adjustments?
Homeostasis control systems
Extrinsic controls are accomplished by ? And ?
Nervous and Endocrine systems
what are the Homoestatsis mechanisms?
- Feed-forward mechanisms
- Feedback mechanisms
Feedforward describes responses …….
made in anticipation of a change e.g. Insulin release.
Feedback mechanisms are responses made…..
After a change has been detected or occurred.
Feedback mechanisms are further divided into 2 parts namely?
- Positive feedback
- Negative feedback
Which of the feedback mechanisms is Homoestatis mainly operated on?
Negative feedback
which feedback mechanism enhances a particular change so that the controlled factor continues to move in the direction of the initial change?
Positive feedback
Which is the primary type of homeostasis control mechanism that opposesor reverses the initial change?
Negative feedback
