Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Midterm 1 - Physiology > Chapter 2:cell Structure and Function > Flashcards

Chapter 2:cell Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

What is Chromatin?

A

It’s the DNA and protein of the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cell is made up of 3 parts(structures):

A
  1. Plasma membrane (cell membrane)
  2. Nucleus
  3. Cytoplasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What contains the DNA that controls synthesis of the ribosomal RNA?

A

Nucleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What regulates movement of material into and out of the nucleus?

A

Nuclear pores.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The fluid component of cytoplasm is called?

A

Cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

All of the following move in and out of cells, except?
A. Nutrients
B. Gases
C. Waste
D. Blood

A

D. Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The nucleus containing DNA Molecules arranged in bundles called?
A. Proteins
B. Gametes
C. Cytoplasm
D. Chromosomes.

A

D. Chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The following are examples of somatic cells except?
A. Red blood cell
B. Skeletal muscle cells
C. Sex cells
D. Osteocytes

A

C
Sex cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The ER that is completely dotted with ribosomes which gives them the rough nature is called?

A

Rough ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the network of interconnected membrane tubes/pipelines called?

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 2 types of the Endoplasmic reticulum?

A
  1. Smooth ER (lipid synthesis)
  2. Rough ER (protein synthesis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the 5 organelles:

A
  1. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
  2. Golgi complex
  3. Lysosome
  4. Peroxisome
  5. Mitochondrion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The nucleus of the cell has?

A

The DNA of the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cytoplasm is composed of what & what?

A

Cytosol and organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the smallest structural and functional unit capable of carrying out life processes?

A

Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What Separates cell contents from its surroundings
- separates ICF and ECF

A

Plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is enclosed by a double-layered nuclear envelope and contains the cell’s genetic material(DNA)

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What directs protein synthesis and serves as a genetic blueprint during cell replication?

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the complex, gel-like mass in which the cytoskeleton is found?

A

Cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The cytoplasm is composed of what and what?

A

Organelles, Cytosol and inclusions (Ribosomes, Centrioles, Vaults)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 3 inclusions that are non membrane bound structures in the cytoplasm?

A
  1. Ribosomes
  2. Centrioles
  3. Vaults
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Everything inside the cell minus the nucleus is called?

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is responsible for Protein synthesis in the Rough ER?

A

Ribosomes

24
Q

What is synthesized in the Nucleolus and which comes out through the nuclear pores?

A

Ribosomes

25
Q

Smooth ER stores calcium called

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

26
Q

Where does the packaging of the synthesized proteins from the RoughER done?

A

Smooth ER

package proteins are then transported via the transport vesicles.

27
Q

What is responsible for receiving protein bundles from the transport vesicles and repackaging them to secretory vesicles?

A

Golgi complex

28
Q

the process by which cells move materials from within the cell into the extracellular fluid is called

A

Exocytosis

29
Q

What is used to synthesize estrogen and testosterone?

A

Cholesterol

30
Q

what contains 50 - 60 hydrolytic enzymes that disintegrate unneeded cellular materials?

A

Lysosomes

31
Q

The process by which unneeded materials such as bacteria are transported to small vesicles and are then destroyed by the lysosomes-released enzymes is called?

A

Phagocytosis

32
Q

The disease caused by the absence of hexosaminidase enzymes, causing impairment and loss of vision and hearing and/or paralysis?

A

Tay-sachs disease.

lack of lysosomes

33
Q

Which of the organelles releases oxidative enzymes which leads to Hydrogen peroxide?

A

Peroxisomes

34
Q

Which organelle is seen as the power(energy) site and the main site for ATP production?

A

Mitochondrion

35
Q

which organelle contains enzymes for the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain?

A

Mitochondrion

36
Q

What is the name of the disease where the cell is unable to produce energy because it can’t break down glucose? This leads to extreme muscle fatigue, pains, and cramps.

A

McArdie disease

37
Q

Ribosomes has 2 parts to it?

A

Small units
Large units

38
Q

Where are the ribosomes produced?

A

Produced in the Nucleolus

39
Q

Through what medium do Ribosomes exit the Nucleolus?

A

Through the Nuclear pores

40
Q

What helps Ribosomes to exit or get out through the Nuclear pores

A

Vaults.

41
Q

Where are Ribosomes found or placed?

A

Main area: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum( RER)

But the ribosomes can also be free in the cytoplasm.

42
Q

What is the function of Ribosomes in the RER?

A

Protein synthesis

43
Q

The mouth of the vaults or barrels are called

A

Cellular trunks: they help in transporting materials from one side of the cells to another.

44
Q

Deficiency of centrioles are

A

Hair loss and vomiting.

45
Q

Which organelle contains enzymes that do oxidation reduction reaction?

A

Peroxisomes

46
Q

Which organelle is present in the DNA and guides the DNA during cell Division/replication?

A

Centrioles

47
Q

What is made up of 3 very tiny protein molecules?

The tiniest protein molecules.

A

Centrioles

48
Q

How many micro tubules make up 1 centriole?

A

27

49
Q

A cellular process where cells engulf external materials by forming vesicles, bringing substances into the cell is called

A

Endocytosis

50
Q

2 types of Endocytosis are

A
  1. Phagocytosis
  2. Pinocytosis
51
Q

Which process involves the engulfment of large particles or microorganisms?

A

Phagocytosis

52
Q

What is Cell eating?

A

Phagocytosis

53
Q

What is Cell drinking?

A

Pinocytosis

54
Q

What is the process of non-specific uptake of fluids and dissolved solutes through small vesicles.

A

Pinocytosis

55
Q

How many centrioles are in a cell?

A

2

56
Q

3 very tiny protein molecules that make up the centrioles is called?

A

Microtubules

Midterm 1 - Physiology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions