CHAPTER 3 (may general definition) Flashcards
Any materials containing marks, symbols or signs either visible or partially visible in which convey a meaning in the form of pencil, ink writing, typewriting or printing on paper.
Document
A written instrument in which used to prove a fact
Documents
The Latin word of document and means?
Documentum means “lesson or example”
If the Latin word of the document means a “lesson” or “example”, then what is the translation in Medieval Latin?
Instruction or Official Paper
The french word of document and means.
docere means to teach
Any material whose issue has been raised or under scrutiny
Questioned
One in which the facts appearing may not be true and are contested either whole or part with respect to its authenticity, identity or origin.
Questioned Document
A term is suggesting that there is an argument or controversy over document and strictly speaking this is true meaning
Disputed Document
A term used by some document examiners and attorneys to characterize known material. The older term known as?
Standard
Are condensed and compact sets of authentic specimens made from known source
Standard
A term used by some document examiners and attorneys to characterize known material.
Exemplar
Any document completely written and signed by one person
Holographic Document
A document can be probated without anyone having witnessed its execution
Holographic Document
These are being compiled by the document examiner to assist him in answering technical questions in court
Reference Collection
kinds of document notarized by a notary public or competent public official with solemnities required by law
Public Document
It is issued by the government or its officers having authority to do so and the offices which in accordance with their creation of document
Official Document
Executed by a private person without the intervention of a notary public or of any person legally authorized by which document, some disposition or agreement is proved, evidence or set forth.
Private Document
Executed in accordance with the Code of Commerce or any Mercantile Law, containing disposition or commercial rights or obligations
Commercial Document
A document that only exists in electronic form such as data stored on a computer, network, back-up, archive or other storage media.
Electronic Document
By this law, it is considered the landmark law in the history of the Philippine since it has placed the Philippines among the countries penalizing cybercrime
R.A 8792
When was R.A 8792 implemented?
June 14, 2000
When was R.A 8792 took effect?
June 19, 2000 (iba yung kailan na implement sa naging kailan nagfunction yung batas)
It emphasizes the admissibility of evidence in electronic form subject to its authenticity and reliability
Electronic Evidence
When did Electronic Evidence take effect?
August 1, 2000
Also known as Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012
R.A 10175
Any matter made a part of the document after its original preparation
Addition
A result from relating observed facts by logical common sense reasoning in accordance with established rules or laws.
Conclusion
One who studies scientifically the details and elements of documents to identify their source or to discover other facts concerning them.
Document Examiner
Document Examiner is often called?
Handwriting Identification Experts
The removal of writings, typewriting or printing from a document.
Erasure
Two means to accomplished erasure on documents
Chemical Eradication
Abrasive Erasure
The writing is removed by means of bleach or other chemical agents
Chemical Eradication
The writing is erased by means of rubbing, scratching with knife or other sharp implement
Abrasive Erasure
The act of making a close and critical study of any material and with questioned documents
Examination
It is the process necessary to discover facts about the findings in question documents
Examination
The document examiner in court which may present his opinion by means of his expertise the former is known as?
Expert Witness
A legal term used to describe a witness who by reason of his special training or experience in which permitted to express an opinion regarding the issue
Expert Witness
His purpose is to interpret technical information in his particular speciality in order to assist the court administering justice
Expert Witness
The professional experience, education, and ability of a document examiner before he is permitted to testify in court as expert witness
Qualification
The addition of writing and other material between lines or paragraphs or the addition of whole page to a document
Insertion or Interlineation
The blotting out or shearing over the writing to make the original invisible to as an addition
Obliteration
Obliteration is also known as?
Overwriting
It means that the source of authorship of the compared questioned and standard specimen is different
Non Identification
Any document completed written and signed by one person
Holographic Document
This involves the detection of forgery, erasure, alteration of obliteration of documents intelligent police investigators can detect almost 75% of all forgeries by careful inspection
Criminalistics Examination
A notable British Examiner of questioned documents said that an intelligent police investigator can detect almost 75% of all forgeries by careful inspection of a document with simple magnifiers and measuring tools
Dr. Wilson Harrison
This is more focused in determining the author of writing and its more difficult procedure and requires long study and experience
Handwriting Investigation/Analysis
An examiner who analyzes any questioned document and is capable of more than just questions of authorship limited only by their access to laboratory equipment
Questioned Document Examiners
This is work involving the verification of age and worth of a document or object, sometimes done by a document examiner
Historical Dating
This is work that often overlaps with that of the document examiner and focused on the money trail and criminal intent
Fraud Investigators
These are public or private experts who date, type source, and/or catalogue various types of paper, watermarks, ink printing/copy/fax machines, computer cartridges,. etc. using chemical methods
Paper & Ink Specialists
These are public or private experts who analyze altered, obliterated, changed or doctored documents and photos using infrared lighting, expensive spectrography equipment or digital enhancement techniques.
Forgery Specialists
These are usually psychology experts who assess personality traits from handwriting samples.
Handwriting Analysts
Refers to the same purpose of handwriting analysts by looking at semantics,spelling, word choice, syntax and phraseology
Forensic Stylistics
This refers to the art of trying to interpret the character or personality of an individual from his writing
Graphology
This refers to the method of characterizing handwriting by measurement of the proportionate values of the angle and ratio of the heights and widths of letters
Graphometry
These are experts on the origin, make, and model used in typewritten material
Typewriting Analysts
This is an emerging group that relates to QDE through some common investigative and testimonial procedures
Computer Crime Investigators
It is done in the scientific method in QD where the characteristics and properties of the document is being observed or measured
Analysis
It is done in the scientific method in QD where the characteristics and properties of the unknown are now compared with the familiar or recorded properties of known items.
Comparison
Similarities or Dissimilarities in properties or characteristics will each have a certain value for identification, determined by its likelihood of occurrence. The weight of significance of each must therefore be considered
Evaluation
It is the process of double checking the accuracy and correctness of the examination usually conducted by other experts in the said field
Verification
It corresponds to the results obtained and the truth
Accuracy
A measure of the consistency of results obtained through repeated study or experimantation
Precision
An instrument usually used by bank personnel and other people involved in currency examination
Magnifying Glass
A pictorial image formed by casting a shadow usually of the hands upon rightful surface or screen
Shadowgraph
Shadowgraph is also known as?
Profile Projector
An instrument which gives tri-dimensional (3D) enlargement
Stereoscopic Binocular Microscope
An instrument used to test signatures and typewritings
Measured and Test Plates (Transparent Glass)
Popular, standard style for correspondence and general work which its giving 10 characters per inch
PICA
Is used largely for personal correspondence much matter in small space without crowded appearance which gives 12 characters per inch
Elite
It is shaking or trembling movements in one or more parts of the body, most commonly affecting a person’s hands
Tremor
An instrument used for controlled illumination needed in sidelight examination wherein light is placed at a low angle in a position oblique to plane or document
Table Lamps with Adjustable Shades (Goose Neck Lamps)
A device where light comes from beneath or behind glass on document is placed
Transmitted Light Gadget
This is usually used in the detection of counterfeited bills but can actually be used to detect security features or qualified documents
Ultraviolet Lamp
It is an additional security feature of paper bill that is being apparent when the UV-light reflected upon it
Security Thread/ Security Fibers
Primarily used to decipher writings in a charred document
Infrared Viewer
An instrument similar to that of the bullet comparison microscope
Comparison Microscope
An instrument that is used to examined oblirated text, watermarks and indented writings. This instrument uses different lightning sources to examine a document
Video Spectral Comparator
It is a sensitive technique and has been known to detect the presence of fresh fingerprints
Electrostatic Detection Apparatus (ESDA)
The device that can detect indention/intended writings that van records transparencies of any indentations.
Electrostatic Detection Apparatus (ESDA)
It is a piece of equipment commonly used in QDE to reveal indented Impressions on paper which may otherwise go unnoticed.
Electrostatic Detection Apparatus (ESDA)
It is a non destructive technique equipment thus allowing further tests to be carried out
Electrostatic Detection Apparatus (ESDA)
This type of examination which is made with a microscope to discover minute physical details
Microscopic Examination
A type of examination in which the document is viewed with the source of illumination behind it and light passing through the paper
Transmitted Light Examination
This type of examination whose documents are subjected to determine the presence of erasures, matching of serrations and some other types of alterations
Transmitted Light Examination
An examination with the illumination so controlled that it grazed or strikes the surface of the document from one side at very low angle
Oblique Light Examination
This type of examination is used in documents that cannot be transported nor examined without being destroyed or altered
Photographic Examination
This type of examination is done in a darkroom after the lamp has been warmed up to give a maximum output of the ultraviolet light.
Ultraviolet Examination
This examination of documents employs invisible radiation beyond the red portion of the visible spectrum which is usually recorded on a specially sensitized photographic emulsion
Infrared Examination
