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Questioned and Documents > CHAPTER 3 (may general definition) > Flashcards

CHAPTER 3 (may general definition) Flashcards

1
Q

Any materials containing marks, symbols or signs either visible or partially visible in which convey a meaning in the form of pencil, ink writing, typewriting or printing on paper.

A

Document

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2
Q

A written instrument in which used to prove a fact

A

Documents

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3
Q

The Latin word of document and means?

A

Documentum means “lesson or example”

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4
Q

If the Latin word of the document means a “lesson” or “example”, then what is the translation in Medieval Latin?

A

Instruction or Official Paper

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5
Q

The french word of document and means.

A

docere means to teach

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6
Q

Any material whose issue has been raised or under scrutiny

A

Questioned

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7
Q

One in which the facts appearing may not be true and are contested either whole or part with respect to its authenticity, identity or origin.

A

Questioned Document

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8
Q

A term is suggesting that there is an argument or controversy over document and strictly speaking this is true meaning

A

Disputed Document

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9
Q

A term used by some document examiners and attorneys to characterize known material. The older term known as?

A

Standard

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10
Q

Are condensed and compact sets of authentic specimens made from known source

A

Standard

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11
Q

A term used by some document examiners and attorneys to characterize known material.

A

Exemplar

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12
Q

Any document completely written and signed by one person

A

Holographic Document

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13
Q

A document can be probated without anyone having witnessed its execution

A

Holographic Document

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14
Q

These are being compiled by the document examiner to assist him in answering technical questions in court

A

Reference Collection

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15
Q

kinds of document notarized by a notary public or competent public official with solemnities required by law

A

Public Document

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16
Q

It is issued by the government or its officers having authority to do so and the offices which in accordance with their creation of document

A

Official Document

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17
Q

Executed by a private person without the intervention of a notary public or of any person legally authorized by which document, some disposition or agreement is proved, evidence or set forth.

A

Private Document

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18
Q

Executed in accordance with the Code of Commerce or any Mercantile Law, containing disposition or commercial rights or obligations

A

Commercial Document

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19
Q

A document that only exists in electronic form such as data stored on a computer, network, back-up, archive or other storage media.

A

Electronic Document

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20
Q

By this law, it is considered the landmark law in the history of the Philippine since it has placed the Philippines among the countries penalizing cybercrime

A

R.A 8792

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21
Q

When was R.A 8792 implemented?

A

June 14, 2000

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22
Q

When was R.A 8792 took effect?

A

June 19, 2000 (iba yung kailan na implement sa naging kailan nagfunction yung batas)

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23
Q

It emphasizes the admissibility of evidence in electronic form subject to its authenticity and reliability

A

Electronic Evidence

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24
Q

When did Electronic Evidence take effect?

A

August 1, 2000

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25
Q

Also known as Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012

A

R.A 10175

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26
Q

Any matter made a part of the document after its original preparation

A

Addition

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27
Q

A result from relating observed facts by logical common sense reasoning in accordance with established rules or laws.

A

Conclusion

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28
Q

One who studies scientifically the details and elements of documents to identify their source or to discover other facts concerning them.

A

Document Examiner

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29
Q

Document Examiner is often called?

A

Handwriting Identification Experts

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30
Q

The removal of writings, typewriting or printing from a document.

A

Erasure

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31
Q

Two means to accomplished erasure on documents

A

Chemical Eradication
Abrasive Erasure

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32
Q

The writing is removed by means of bleach or other chemical agents

A

Chemical Eradication

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33
Q

The writing is erased by means of rubbing, scratching with knife or other sharp implement

A

Abrasive Erasure

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34
Q

The act of making a close and critical study of any material and with questioned documents

A

Examination

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35
Q

It is the process necessary to discover facts about the findings in question documents

A

Examination

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36
Q

The document examiner in court which may present his opinion by means of his expertise the former is known as?

A

Expert Witness

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37
Q

A legal term used to describe a witness who by reason of his special training or experience in which permitted to express an opinion regarding the issue

A

Expert Witness

38
Q

His purpose is to interpret technical information in his particular speciality in order to assist the court administering justice

A

Expert Witness

39
Q

The professional experience, education, and ability of a document examiner before he is permitted to testify in court as expert witness

A

Qualification

40
Q

The addition of writing and other material between lines or paragraphs or the addition of whole page to a document

A

Insertion or Interlineation

41
Q

The blotting out or shearing over the writing to make the original invisible to as an addition

A

Obliteration

42
Q

Obliteration is also known as?

A

Overwriting

43
Q

It means that the source of authorship of the compared questioned and standard specimen is different

A

Non Identification

44
Q

Any document completed written and signed by one person

A

Holographic Document

45
Q

This involves the detection of forgery, erasure, alteration of obliteration of documents intelligent police investigators can detect almost 75% of all forgeries by careful inspection

A

Criminalistics Examination

46
Q

A notable British Examiner of questioned documents said that an intelligent police investigator can detect almost 75% of all forgeries by careful inspection of a document with simple magnifiers and measuring tools

A

Dr. Wilson Harrison

47
Q

This is more focused in determining the author of writing and its more difficult procedure and requires long study and experience

A

Handwriting Investigation/Analysis

48
Q

An examiner who analyzes any questioned document and is capable of more than just questions of authorship limited only by their access to laboratory equipment

A

Questioned Document Examiners

49
Q

This is work involving the verification of age and worth of a document or object, sometimes done by a document examiner

A

Historical Dating

50
Q

This is work that often overlaps with that of the document examiner and focused on the money trail and criminal intent

A

Fraud Investigators

51
Q

These are public or private experts who date, type source, and/or catalogue various types of paper, watermarks, ink printing/copy/fax machines, computer cartridges,. etc. using chemical methods

A

Paper & Ink Specialists

52
Q

These are public or private experts who analyze altered, obliterated, changed or doctored documents and photos using infrared lighting, expensive spectrography equipment or digital enhancement techniques.

A

Forgery Specialists

53
Q

These are usually psychology experts who assess personality traits from handwriting samples.

A

Handwriting Analysts

54
Q

Refers to the same purpose of handwriting analysts by looking at semantics,spelling, word choice, syntax and phraseology

A

Forensic Stylistics

55
Q

This refers to the art of trying to interpret the character or personality of an individual from his writing

A

Graphology

56
Q

This refers to the method of characterizing handwriting by measurement of the proportionate values of the angle and ratio of the heights and widths of letters

A

Graphometry

57
Q

These are experts on the origin, make, and model used in typewritten material

A

Typewriting Analysts

58
Q

This is an emerging group that relates to QDE through some common investigative and testimonial procedures

A

Computer Crime Investigators

59
Q

It is done in the scientific method in QD where the characteristics and properties of the document is being observed or measured

A

Analysis

60
Q

It is done in the scientific method in QD where the characteristics and properties of the unknown are now compared with the familiar or recorded properties of known items.

A

Comparison

61
Q

Similarities or Dissimilarities in properties or characteristics will each have a certain value for identification, determined by its likelihood of occurrence. The weight of significance of each must therefore be considered

A

Evaluation

62
Q

It is the process of double checking the accuracy and correctness of the examination usually conducted by other experts in the said field

A

Verification

63
Q

It corresponds to the results obtained and the truth

A

Accuracy

64
Q

A measure of the consistency of results obtained through repeated study or experimantation

A

Precision

65
Q

An instrument usually used by bank personnel and other people involved in currency examination

A

Magnifying Glass

66
Q

A pictorial image formed by casting a shadow usually of the hands upon rightful surface or screen

A

Shadowgraph

67
Q

Shadowgraph is also known as?

A

Profile Projector

68
Q

An instrument which gives tri-dimensional (3D) enlargement

A

Stereoscopic Binocular Microscope

69
Q

An instrument used to test signatures and typewritings

A

Measured and Test Plates (Transparent Glass)

70
Q

Popular, standard style for correspondence and general work which its giving 10 characters per inch

A

PICA

71
Q

Is used largely for personal correspondence much matter in small space without crowded appearance which gives 12 characters per inch

A

Elite

72
Q

It is shaking or trembling movements in one or more parts of the body, most commonly affecting a person’s hands

A

Tremor

73
Q

An instrument used for controlled illumination needed in sidelight examination wherein light is placed at a low angle in a position oblique to plane or document

A

Table Lamps with Adjustable Shades (Goose Neck Lamps)

74
Q

A device where light comes from beneath or behind glass on document is placed

A

Transmitted Light Gadget

75
Q

This is usually used in the detection of counterfeited bills but can actually be used to detect security features or qualified documents

A

Ultraviolet Lamp

76
Q

It is an additional security feature of paper bill that is being apparent when the UV-light reflected upon it

A

Security Thread/ Security Fibers

77
Q

Primarily used to decipher writings in a charred document

A

Infrared Viewer

78
Q

An instrument similar to that of the bullet comparison microscope

A

Comparison Microscope

79
Q

An instrument that is used to examined oblirated text, watermarks and indented writings. This instrument uses different lightning sources to examine a document

A

Video Spectral Comparator

80
Q

It is a sensitive technique and has been known to detect the presence of fresh fingerprints

A

Electrostatic Detection Apparatus (ESDA)

81
Q

The device that can detect indention/intended writings that van records transparencies of any indentations.

A

Electrostatic Detection Apparatus (ESDA)

82
Q

It is a piece of equipment commonly used in QDE to reveal indented Impressions on paper which may otherwise go unnoticed.

A

Electrostatic Detection Apparatus (ESDA)

83
Q

It is a non destructive technique equipment thus allowing further tests to be carried out

A

Electrostatic Detection Apparatus (ESDA)

84
Q

This type of examination which is made with a microscope to discover minute physical details

A

Microscopic Examination

85
Q

A type of examination in which the document is viewed with the source of illumination behind it and light passing through the paper

A

Transmitted Light Examination

86
Q

This type of examination whose documents are subjected to determine the presence of erasures, matching of serrations and some other types of alterations

A

Transmitted Light Examination

87
Q

An examination with the illumination so controlled that it grazed or strikes the surface of the document from one side at very low angle

A

Oblique Light Examination

88
Q

This type of examination is used in documents that cannot be transported nor examined without being destroyed or altered

A

Photographic Examination

89
Q

This type of examination is done in a darkroom after the lamp has been warmed up to give a maximum output of the ultraviolet light.

A

Ultraviolet Examination

90
Q

This examination of documents employs invisible radiation beyond the red portion of the visible spectrum which is usually recorded on a specially sensitized photographic emulsion

A

Infrared Examination

Questioned and Documents (6 decks)

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