Chapter 1 Flashcards
Knowledge of the technology spread quickly in the year of?
16th Century
Knowledge of paper making traveled westward, spreading throughout the Middle East of what country?
Spain (JATIVA province of VALENCIA )
The first paper mill in England was established in what year?
1495
The first mill was built in America in what year?
1690
The first practical machine was made in what year?
1798
The first practical machine was made by who?
Nicholas Louis Robert
This machine reduced the cost of paper it supplants the hand-molding process in paper manufacture
Robert’s Machine
The Robert Machine was improved by British Stationers brothers
Henry Fourdrinier and Sealy Fourdrinier
In what year did the British Stationers Brothers improve the Robert’s Machine?
1803
The solution of the problem of making paper from cheap raw material was achieved by the introduction of pulp making?
Groundwood Process
The first chemical pulp process was introduced in what year?
1850
This was introduced in the 19th Century for bleaching that could be already manufactured for paper
Chlorine
This grass was first introduced in England in 1861.
Esparto
Esparto was introduced in England in the year of?
1861
This was used to make paper in 1800
Straw
This paper from wood was first used between 1880 and 1890.
Sulphite
Letters dated in what year?
AD. 874,
Letters dated in what year?
AD. 874,
The letters dated were found in what country?
Egypt
An old manuscript was found in what country?
England
The oldest manuscript was made of what paper and which dated at?
Cotton Paper and AD 1890
It is the term for a figure of design incorporated into paper during its manufacture and appearing lighter than the rest of the sheet when viewed in transmitted light
Watermark
The earliest way of identifying the date of manufacture of paper
Watermark
Two materials that are used in making watermark
Watermark wire and Grid Frame
Watermark first appeared in what country?
Italy
Watermark first appeared on papers produced in Italy around?
1270
The art of paper making was introduced by Muslims from the Middle East in what country?
Europe
The first british postage stamps were introduced in what year?
1840
This came into use when the paper began to machine made
Dandy Roll
The questioned documents examiner’s finding is limited only to the (blank) ?
Approximate Date (YEAR)
Another way of tracing the age of paper is through the observance of the changes in its physical characteristics
Discoloration
The span of time of papers made out of wood
2-3 years
A quality of nib pen able to change the line width of your pen stroke by applying gentle finger pressure to the nib
Flexibility of Pen Point
Is a fluid or viscous marking material used for writing or printing
Ink
A writing instrument used to apply inks to the paper
Pen
The Latin word PENNA which means?
Feather
A device used to make alphanumeric marks on or in a surface
Writing Instruments or Writing Implements
It was considered as the first writing tool that had the writing end slightly frayed like a brush
Reed Pens or Swamp Reed
It was considered as the first writing tool that had the writing end slightly frayed like a brush
Reed Pens or Swamp Reed
Reed Pens were prepared by leaving them under the ___________ for several months
Dung Heaps
This was made from the outer wing feathers of any bird which was considered as principal writing implement for nearly 1300 years
Quill Pen
A Spanish Theologian who is credited for the tool use as principal writing instruments
St. Isidore of Seville
Largest country producers of quill
- Poland
- Germany
- Russia
- Netherlands
The earliest mention of writing instruments in the year 1465
Brazen Pens or Steel Point Pens
A Spanish Calligrapher who is credited for very large writing in 1548 writing manual
Juan De Yciar
A Spanish Calligrapher who is credited for very large writing in his 1548 writing manual
Juan De Yciar
The two copybooks which were published by Juan De Yciar
“Recopilacion Subtilissma” or Most Delicate Compilation (1548) and “Arte Subtilissma” The Most Delicate Art (1550)
The two copybooks which were published by Juan De Yciar acknowledged his debt to the printed books of ___________,_________,_____?
- Arrighi
- Tagliente
- Palatino
The two copybooks which were published by Juan De Yciar acknowledged his debt to the printed books of ___________,_________,_____?
- Arrighi
- Tagliente
- Palatino
The first patented steel pen point was made by the English Engineer
Bryan Donkin
The first patented steel pen point was made by the English Engineer in the year?
1803
The leading 19th Century English pen manufacturers
- William Joseph Gillot
- William Mitchell and;
- James Stephen Perry
Who patented the first practical fountain pen?
Lewis Waterman
In what year does the fountain pen was invented?
1884
A writing instrument which contains its own ink reservoir
Fountain Pens
A mechanism that fed to ink to the pen point by capillary action allowing ink to flow evenly while writing
Fountain Pens
Considered as the Chief Writing instrument in the west
Fountain Pens
A modern nib which contains a reservoir of ink in a specially designed chamber
Fountain Pens
The one who patented the first ball point writing tool
John Loud
A writing instrument which has in its point a small rotating metal gall that continually inks itself as it turns
Ball Point Pen
What year is the first ball point writing tool patented?
1888
The Hungarian Inventor brothers invented a viscous, oild based ink which is attributed for the invention of the first practical ball point pen
Ladislao and Georg Biro
A tool which has been considered as the universal writing tool
Ball Point Pen
What year does the Hungarian Inventor brothers invent the viscous oil based ink which is attributed to the invention of the first practical ball point pen?
1938
Fiber tip markers were introduced into the US Market in what year?
1963
Who invented the first practical fiber tip pen of Japan in 1962?
Yukio Horie
In what year the first practical fiber tip pen invented by Yukio Horie?
1962
It was ideally suited to the strokes of Japanese writing which is traditionally done with a pointed ink brush
Fiber Tin Pens
A modification of the ball point pen using a liquid dye fed to a metal/plastic ball
Felt tip pen
The felt tip markers were introduced in the US from Japan in what year?
1973
