Chapter 3 Lathom-Radocy Flashcards
What is Chapter 3 about?
A brief overview or historical summaries of the history of Music Therapy
List several examples of ways music has been used to promote health at various times in history.
Music has been used to promote health through physical and mental stabilities, from the ancient civilizations of Egypt and Babylon to the aftershock treatment of WW1 & 2 veterans.
Who wrote the earliest American essay concerning music healing (published in 1899)?
James Leonard Corning, a prominent American neurologist
Primitive and Ancient Cultures
Scholl and White (1970) researched the idea that “…man’s earliest awareness of music may have been born of his associating an emotional satisfaction with the phenomenal sound that accompanied his need for self-expression through body motion.”
How was music used as healing in African and American Indian Tribes?
Shamans and/or medicine men in both traditions would use rhythm, sound, singing, and chanting as part of healing processes when someone was sick or ill. This was functional, not aesthetic.
How did Ancient Hebrews use music as healing?
In the Judeo-Christian bible God instructs Moses to teach people a song to create a memory aid for special events, and music is said to have a calming effect on King Saul when plagued by an evil spirit.
How did music healing occur in Egypt and Babylonia?
There is recorded evidence that Sumerian royalty utilized music to calm themselves. Priest-physicians would use clappers and rattles to exorcise evil spirits. In Egypt priests were required to be both musicians and physicians.
How was music used in Ancient China and India for healing?
China used cosmological pitches. India used music in mantras and ragas to induce different health and emotional states.
How did Greek and Roman cultures use music as healing?
The greeks believed that music created harmony and order, and thus promoted health. The Romans adopted and expanded upon the greek philosophy.
How was music used as healing in the western Middle Ages?
The dance the Tarantella is based on a disease that was believed to have originated from a tarantula bite and only curable through music and dancing. Music was a pillar of medieval education system.
How was music used as healing during the western Renaissance?
There was a resurgence of interest in Greek philosophy regarding music and healing. The music modes Mixolydian, Dorian, Lydian and Phrygian were also associated with different temperaments of people.
How was music used as healing in the western Baroque era?
The baroque era expanded on the idea of the four humors, Italian royalty used music to cure melancholia, and a French physician noted the effect of the nervous system via sympathetic vibration.
How was music used as healing during the western mid-eighteenth century through the nineteenth century?
Physicians began to study the impact of music on physical parameters such as blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration, and digestion. There was also a significant interest in the treatment of mental illness with music.
What is the Iso Principle?
Therapists must first match the patients mood and then gradually change the music to move the patient to the desired mood.
How was music used as healing in the 20th Century?
Research continued on the influence of music on mood changes and general mental health. Soldiers returning from WW1 & 2 returned to the US and music worked in neuropsychiatric wards.
