Chapter 3 - Lab Anatomy of a Cell

Question 1

Cells contain 3 parts

Answer 1

plasma membrane / cell membrane nucleus cytoplasm

Question 2

Plasma Membranes

Answer 2

encompass the internal structures of the cell. Flexible barrier between intracellular content and extracellular content.

Question 3

Plasma Membranes are called _________

Answer 3

Gate keepers

Question 4

What are plasma membranes made up of?

Answer 4

phospholipids (fat binding particles that form layers)

Question 5

Plasma membranes are normally bi-layered. This means ____ layers

Answer 5

2

Question 6

These layers contain 2 polar heads that are called _____ meaning _______. And 2 polar tails that are called ______ meaning ______.

Answer 6

hydophilic - water loving hydophobic - water fearing

Question 7

Integeral proteins

Answer 7

globular proteins that are embedded in the bi-layers of phospholipid barrier.

Question 8

Channel Proteins

Answer 8

allow substances to pass through pores inside and outside the cell.

Question 9

Carrier proteins

Answer 9

active transport to move substance from one side of the membrane to the other

Question 10

Receptor Proteins

Answer 10

Specific receptor sites that bond only to specific molecules

Question 11

Chromatin

Answer 11

the genetic material that is dispersed through the nucleous. It looks like small threadlike structures.

Question 12

Chromosomes

Answer 12

The rod like structures when chromatin condeses to prepare to divide cells.

Question 13

Nuclear Pores

Answer 13

the nucelous is surrounded by a porous double layer. It exports RNA or messenger cells.

Question 14

Cytoplasm

Answer 14

made up of gelatin fluid called cytosol, cytoskeletal elements, and organelles.

Question 15

Cystoskeletal Elements

Answer 15

small elements or fibers that move substances through the cell. These elements make a three dimensional framework consisting of microtubules. (hollow protein tubules), intermediate filaments (twisted protein strands), and microfilaments (contractile threadlike protein).

Question 16

MIcrotubules act to move other organelles and substances _______ the cell

Answer 16

through

Question 17

Intermediate Filaments _____ pulling forces that may act on the cell

Answer 17

resist

Question 18

Microfilaments are very important in _________ cells

Answer 18

muscle

Question 19

Centrioles

Answer 19

Centrioles are self-replicating organelles made up of nine bundles of microtubules and are found only in animal cells. They appear to help in organizing cell division, but aren’t essential to the process.

Question 20

Organelles

Answer 20

organized structures that perform major metabolic function for the cell.

Question 21

What are the 9 types of organelles?

Answer 21

1. Mitochondria (gym) 2. Ribosomes (ppl in community) 3. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (hospital) 4. Golgi Apparatus (Post office) 5. Lysosome (Suicide Sack) 6. Proteasomes (recycling) 7. Peroxisomes (detoxify) 8. Vaults (banks) 9. Inclusion bodies (storage facilities)

Question 22

Mitochondria

Answer 22

Mitochondria are oblong shaped organelles that are found in the cytoplasm of every eukaryotic cell. In the animal cell, they are the main power generators, converting oxygen and nutrients into energy.

think of them as the gym .

Question 23

Ribosome

Answer 23

Ppl in the community -

Densely strained very small spherical shaped bodies that are composed of RNA and protein. Site of protein synthesis. May be free floating in the cytosol or attached to endoplasmic reticulum or the nucleous. Free floating ribosomes make protein to be used within the cell. Attached robosomes normally export to other cells.

Question 24

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 24

The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of sacs that manufactures, processes, and transports chemical compounds for use inside and outside of the cell. It is connected to the double-layered nuclear envelope, providing a pipeline between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

Think hospital.

Question 25

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 25

The Golgi apparatus is the distribution and shipping department for the cell's chemical products. It modifies proteins and fats built in the endoplasmic reticulum and prepares them for export to the outside of the cell.

Question 26

Lysosomes

Answer 26

The main function of these microbodies is digestion. Lysosomes break down cellular waste products and debris from outside the cell into simple compounds, which are transferred to the cytoplasm as new cell-building materials. Think suicide sacs

Question 27

Proteasomes

Answer 27

small cylindrical structure composed of protein units that are capable of breaking down old worn out protein. Old protein attaches to new protein and pulls it into the proteasome. Turns it into amino acid.

Question 28

Peroxisomes

Answer 28

Microbodies are a diverse group of organelles that are found in the cytoplasm, roughly spherical and bound by a single membrane. There are several types of microbodies but peroxisomes are the most common.

Question 29

Vaults

Answer 29

transports molecules to and from cell nucleus in a sliding motion. Very small in size and are vast in number.

Question 30

Inclusion Bodies

Answer 30

storage granules that contain water, melanin (amino acid), glycogen (sugar) and can ingest foreign material. "Storage facility"

Question 31

Match the definitions with their right terminology.

Answer 31

Question 32

Label the cell.

Answer 32

Question 33

Interphase

Answer 33

When a cell is not dividing or producing. Carrying out normal activity.

Question 34

Right before the end of interphase, DNA will split into two cells, once this has occurred _________ or division of nucleic activity begins.

Answer 34

Mitosis

Question 35

The stages of mitosis.

Answer 35

1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase

Question 36

Prophase

Answer 36

nuclear membrane and nucleolous break down and disappear. Chromatin that was found in the nucelus coil will shorten and form chromosomes. These will take on an X shape (Centromere). The centrioles from the cytoplasm will pair up and will form spindle fibers. The spindle fibers act as glue or hold the chromosomes. Chromosomes will then split again and form two more.

Question 37

Metaphase

Answer 37

short stage that is characterized by the lineup of chromosomes. Centromeres will attach to spindle fibers.

Question 38

Anaphase

Answer 38

Centromeres split and spate. Two chromosomes are made. The new chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell. At the end of this phase each pole (end) wil have full set of chromosomes.

Question 39

Telophase

Answer 39

Chromosomes uncoil to form long strands and the spindle disappears. Nuclear membrane now forms around each chromosome mass. Nuclear division is complete.

Question 40

Cytokinesis

Answer 40

process that begins at the end of telophase. This is hte division of cytoplasm. A cleavage furrow forms at the center of the cell and splits the cytoplasm into 2 sections. Extremely important in growth and periods of healing. Creates new cells

Question 41

What stage of mitosis is this?

Answer 41

Prophase

Question 42

Name this mitosis stage

Answer 42

metaphase

Question 43

Name this mitosis stage

Answer 43

anaphase

Question 44

Name this mitosis stage

Answer 44

telophase

Question 45

Label the diagram

Answer 45

Question 46

Nucleus

Answer 46

The nucleus is a highly specialized organelle that serves as the information processing and administrative center of the cell. This organelle has two major functions: it stores the cell's hereditary material, or DNA, and it coordinates the cell's activities, which include growth, intermediary metabolism, protein synthesis, and reproduction (cell division).

Question 47

MIcrotubules

Answer 47

These straight, hollow cylinders are found throughout the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells (prokaryotes don't have them) and carry out a variety of functions, ranging from transport to structural support.

Question 48

What is this?

Answer 48

Cilia

Question 49

These are \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 49

Centrioles

Question 50

What is this?

Answer 50

Mitochondria

Question 51

What is this?

Answer 51

Ribosome

Question 52

Label the diagram

Answer 52

Question 53

Label the diagram

Answer 53

Question 54

Label the diagram

Answer 54