Chapter 3: Introduction to Vision Flashcards
light is described by its _______
wavelength
what are the 2 kinds of visual receptors?
rods and cones
what is the key part of the rod for transduction?
outer segment
what is lateral inhibition?
inhibition transmitted across the retina
Mach Bands are:
illusory light and dark bands near a light/dark border, resulting in a ‘sharper border’
What is simultaneous contrast?
occurs when our perception of the brightness/color of one area is affected by the presence of an adjacent or surrounding area
the principle of representation is:
everything a person perceives is based not on direct contact with stimuli, but rather on representations of stimuli that are formed on the receptors and the resulting activity in the person’s nervous system
the principle of transformation:
the representations of stimuli in our environment which we construct are transformed between the original distal stimulus and the eventual perception they give rise to
sensory receptors:
cells that respond to environmental energy
neural processing in volves changes that occur as:
signals are transmitted through neurons in the brain
bottom-up processing is based on:
stimuli from the environment
top-down processing is based on:
the perceiver’s previous knowledge
the 3 relationships of perceptual processes
1 - stimulus/behavior
2 - stimulus/physiology
3 - physiologybehavior
optic nerve carries information from the ____ to the ____
retina, brain
the fovea consists of only what kind of visual receptor?
cones
What is macular degeneration?
fovea and small surrounding area are destroyed, creating a “dead zone” on the retina
Retinitis Pigmentosa is
the destruction of rods, followed by foveal cones (genetic link)
Where is the blind spot?
where the optic nerve exits the eye
Accommodation is:
tightening of the ciliary muscles, causing the lens to thicken
another word for Myopia is
near-sightedness
another word for Hyperopia is
far-sightedness
Presbyopia is categorized by:
weakening of ciliary muscles and hardening of the lens
visual transduction is facilitated by:
isomerization
the dark adaptation curve is:
referring to the process of increasing visual sensitivity after switching from high to low level lighting conditions
pigment bleaching refers to:
being blinded by a bright light
spectral sensitivity:
differs across parts of the visual spectrum
The Purkinje Shift:
enhanced sensitivity to short wavelengths during dark adaptation when the shift from cone to rod vision occurs
