Chapter 11: Sound/auditory system/pitch perception

Question 1

sound stimulus is created by:

Answer 1

pressure changes

Question 2

soundwaves are a pattern of ___________

Answer 2

air pressure changes

Question 3

pure tones occur when:

Answer 3

pressure changes in the air occur in the pattern of a sine wave

Question 4

the repetition rate of a complex tone is called the :

Answer 4

fundamental frequency

Question 5

additive synthesis refers to:

Answer 5

adding a number of sine-wave components together to create a complex tone

Question 6

pitch is the attribute of auditory sensation in terms of which _____ may be ordered on a ______

Answer 6

sounds, musical scale

Question 7

tone height is:

Answer 7

the perceptual experience of increasing pitch that accompanies increases in a tone’s fundamental frequency

Question 8

constancy of pitch, even when the fundamental or other harmonics are removed is:

Answer 8

the effect of the missing fundamental

Question 9

periodicity pitch is perceived in ____ and has had the ______ removed

Answer 9

tones, harmonics

Question 10

timbre is the quality that:

Answer 10

distinguishes between two tones that have the same loudness, pitch and duration, but still sound different (associated with tone attack and decay)

Question 11

resonance occurs in the _________ when sound waves that are ________ from the closed end interact with sound waves that are _______

Answer 11

auditory canal, reflected, entering

Question 12

the most reinforced frequency is the:

Answer 12

resonant frequency

Question 13

the middle ear contains the small bones ______

Answer 13

ossicles

Question 14

ossicles act to:

Answer 14

concentrate the vibration of the large tympanic membrane onto the smaller stapes

Question 15

the cochlea contains the __________

Answer 15

organ of corti

Question 16

cilia is where sound acts to produce ________ signals

Answer 16

electrical

Question 17

the place theory of hearing states that:

Answer 17

the frequency of a sound is indicated by the place along the cochlea at which nerve firing is highest

Question 18

low frequencies cause _____ activity in the hair cells and ___________ fibres at the _____ end of the basilar membrane

Answer 18

maximum, auditory nerve, apex

Question 19

high frequencies cause __________ activity in the hair cells and __________ fibres at the _____ end of the basilar membrane

Answer 19

maximum, auditory nerve, base

Question 20

bending of cilia follows the:

Answer 20

increases and decreases in the pressure of a pure tone sound stimulus

Question 21

phase locking refers to:

Answer 21

firing at the same place in the sound stimulus

Question 22

temporal coding is the connection between the _______ of a sound stimulus and the ________ of the auditory nerve fibre firing

Answer 22

frequency, timing

Question 23

Presbycusis is:

Answer 23

the loss of sensitivity

Question 24

the 3 structured between the cochlear nucleus and the auditory cortex are:

Answer 24

SONIC MG superior olivary nuclei, inferior colliculus, medial geniculate nucleus