Chapter 11: Sound/auditory system/pitch perception Flashcards
sound stimulus is created by:
pressure changes
soundwaves are a pattern of ___________
air pressure changes
pure tones occur when:
pressure changes in the air occur in the pattern of a sine wave
the repetition rate of a complex tone is called the :
fundamental frequency
additive synthesis refers to:
adding a number of sine-wave components together to create a complex tone
pitch is the attribute of auditory sensation in terms of which _____ may be ordered on a ______
sounds, musical scale
tone height is:
the perceptual experience of increasing pitch that accompanies increases in a tone’s fundamental frequency
constancy of pitch, even when the fundamental or other harmonics are removed is:
the effect of the missing fundamental
periodicity pitch is perceived in ____ and has had the ______ removed
tones, harmonics
timbre is the quality that:
distinguishes between two tones that have the same loudness, pitch and duration, but still sound different (associated with tone attack and decay)
resonance occurs in the _________ when sound waves that are ________ from the closed end interact with sound waves that are _______
auditory canal, reflected, entering
the most reinforced frequency is the:
resonant frequency
the middle ear contains the small bones ______
ossicles
ossicles act to:
concentrate the vibration of the large tympanic membrane onto the smaller stapes
the cochlea contains the __________
organ of corti
cilia is where sound acts to produce ________ signals
electrical
the place theory of hearing states that:
the frequency of a sound is indicated by the place along the cochlea at which nerve firing is highest
low frequencies cause _____ activity in the hair cells and ___________ fibres at the _____ end of the basilar membrane
maximum, auditory nerve, apex
high frequencies cause __________ activity in the hair cells and __________ fibres at the _____ end of the basilar membrane
maximum, auditory nerve, base
bending of cilia follows the:
increases and decreases in the pressure of a pure tone sound stimulus
phase locking refers to:
firing at the same place in the sound stimulus
temporal coding is the connection between the _______ of a sound stimulus and the ________ of the auditory nerve fibre firing
frequency, timing
Presbycusis is:
the loss of sensitivity
the 3 structured between the cochlear nucleus and the auditory cortex are:
SONIC MG superior olivary nuclei, inferior colliculus, medial geniculate nucleus
