Chapter 3: Hematopoietic Function Flashcards
What are the three components of Blood
RBCs, plasma, and platelets
Blood is viscous fluid and _____ tissue
connective
What is need for hematopoiesis
hypoxemia, EPO, vitamin b12, folic acid, and iron for heme
What hormone is produced to regulate iron uptake and transport
Hepcidin
What acts as the flue for platelet adhesion
von Willebrand factor
What causes a decreased blood loss
Endothelin and vasoconstriction
What five things will platelets secrete
Serotonin, ADP, fibrinogen, calcium, and thromboxane A
What four organs connect the hematologic and immune systems?
Thymus, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen
What is the first responder immune cell
Neutrophils
What immune cell controls and augments inflammatory response
Eosinophils- high in parasitic infections
What immune cells releases histamine and mediators
Basophils- high in hypersensitivity reactions
What immune cell is part of the secondary immune system?
Lymphocytes (B cells, T cells, and NK cells)
What is the hallmark sign of Hodgkins Lymphoma
Reed-sternberg cells
What is more common Non-Hodgkins or Hodgkins lymphoma
NHL
What are the three types of NHL
Burkett, lymphoblastic, and large cell lymphoma
What is cancer of the plasma cells
Multiple Myeloma
What are characteristics of Multiple Myeloma
An abnormal response of plasma cells to antigens, produces abnormal immunoglobulins
What is the acronym for s/s associated with MM?
CRAB, high calcium, renal failure, anemia, and bone lesions
A group of hematopoietic neoplasms that result in abnormal cell growth, differentiation, and maturation
Myelodysplastic syndrome
Abnormal leukocyte production affecting different organs
Leukemia
Abnormalities in immature leukocytes (proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and resistance to apoptosis)
Acute leukemia
How are acute leukemias diagnosed
H&P, peripheral blood smear, CBC, bone marrow biopsy
Abnormal proliferation of more mature cells
Chronic leukemias
Interplay between genetic, epigenetic, and microenvironment.
Lymphocytosis
Chronic Lymphooid Leukemia
Proliferation of mostly mature granulocytes, presence of Philadelphia chromosomes
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
What kind of anemia is iron deficiency anemia
Microcytic
What is Megaloblastic anemia?
A macrocytic anemia with vitamin B 12 and folic acid deficiency that creates larger cells with impaired DNA replication.
Vitamin b 12 needs what to be absorbed?
Intrinsic factor
What is pernicious anemia
CD4 cells attack cells that make intrinsic factor causing decreased absorption of B12
An anemia caused by chronic disease or inflammation resulting in decreased RBC production or shortening of RBC lifespan
Anemia of Chronic Disease/Inflammation - Normocytic
What is aplastic anemia
Failure of bone marrow to produce multipoint HSC precursors, leading to pancytopenia
A hereditary hemolytic anemia that forms from an abnormal quantity of one of two heme protein chains
Thalassemia
Too many RBCs and hemoglobin
polycythemia
What are the clinical manifestations of polycythemia
Visual disturbances, hypertension, and splenomegaly
What are the dangers of iron overload?
Reactive oxygen species
What’s the value for thrombocytopenia?
below 15,000 cells
Disease where immune system destroys its own platelets
Immune Thrombocytopenia purpura
A disorder that is caused by deficiency in the enzyme for cleaving von willebrand factor
Thrombotic thromboytopenic purpura
What are the characteristics of thrombotic thrombocyotopenia purpura
Microthrombi in microvasculature, thrombocytopenia, and bleeding, high LDH and reticulocyte level
Increased platelet count
Thrombocythemia
What is hemophilia A
deficiency or abnormality of clotting factor 8
Abnormality of clotting factor IX
Hemophilia B
What is the most common hereditary bleeding disorder
Von Willebrand disease
abnormally active coagulation and fibrinolysis, usage of all clotting factors
DIC
state of increased coagulation
thrombophilia
works on factor II, VII, IX, X
warfarin
necessary to activate coagulation factors
Vitamin K
works on thrombin IIa, prevents cleaving of fibrinogen to fibrin
Direct thrombin inhibitors
factor Xa, prevents cleaving of prothrombin to thrombin
Direct factor Xa inhibitors (ex: rivaroxaban)
