Chapter 2: Immune System Flashcards
What is the innate immune system
First responders, it attacks the same way for certain types of pathogens
Triggers enzymes that inhibit viral replication
Interferons
Defense approach mediated baby T cells
Cellular immunity
Memory or plasma cells B cells, creates immunoglobulins
Humoral immunity
Cardinal signs of vascular response
Erythema, edema, heat, and pain
Type of vaccine that creates an almost identical immune response to active infection
Live attenuated vaccine
Vaccine that has a whole or fractional virus/bacteria
Inactivated virus, creates humoral immunity, needs boosters
Vaccine with genetically modified virus with target DNA
Recombinant vacine
Vaccine that provides cells with coding DNA to build an immune reaction
Messenger RNA vaccine
T cells activated by allergens
* Bind to mast cells
* Produces IgE antibodies
Type 1 Hypersensitivity reaction
Destruction of antigens on target cells or tissues
* Results in destroyed or malfunctioning cell
* Mechanisms
* Complement system activation
Type 2 Hypersensitivity reaction
An accumulation of circulating antigen-antibody complexes that trigger complement system
Type 3 hypersensitivity
Delayed processing of the antigen by macrophages, not antibody mediated
Type 4 Hypersensitivity reaction (ex: TB skin test, contact dermatitis)
an immune response to antigens from another person of the same species
Alloimmunity
Failure to identify self-antigens from foreign antigens
Autoimmunity
What are the two key methods of attack in autoimmunity?
Auto-antibody, and T cell mechanisms
Chronic inflammatory immune disorder that is unpredictable and varies by person
Systemic Lupus Erythematous
What is the lifecycle of the HIV virus
- Binding
- Fusion
- Reverse transcription
- Integration
- Replication
- Assembly
- Budding
How is AIDS defined?
CD4 count < 200
What is HAART
Highly active antiretroviral therapy , 3 or more retrovirals used to treat HIV
What is the early phase of asthma
Antigens on dendritic cells that bind to mast cells causing degranulation and histamine release
What is late phase asthma
Inflammation and bronchoconstriction
A beta 2 agonist that causes smooth muscle relaxation
Albuterol
A glucocorticoid that inhibits initial inflammatory events and reduces mucous gland secretion
Fluticasone
Selective leukotriene receptor antagonist that results in inhibition of bronchoconstriction and decreases nasal mucosa
Montelukast (BB warning for depression in children)
Prevents histamine release as a mast cell stabilizer
Cromolyn sodium
