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XX. BioChemistry > Chapter 3: Genes to Proteins > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Genes to Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

Composition and general structure of nucleic acids, nucleotides, and nucleosides

A

Chromosomes are made of nucleic acids. Nucleic acids contain only four different types of structural units called nucleotides. Nucleotides are polymers (repeating building blocks) of nucleic acids made by nucleosides.

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2
Q

Which bases are the purines

A

Adenine and Guanine (both exist in DNA and RNA).
These nitrogen-containing bases in nucleic acids resemble purines

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3
Q

Difference between DNA and RNA and the numbering system in a cyclic sugar

A

In DNA, the sugar is 2-deoxyribose
In RNA, the sugar is ribose

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4
Q

Naming system of nucleotides with one, two, or three phosphate groups

A

[nucleoside] monophosphate
[nucleoside] diphosphate
[nucleoside] triphosphate
(ex. ATD adenosine triphosphate)

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5
Q

Structural features of Coenzyme A

A

Contains adenosine and is an electron acceptor

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6
Q

Structural features of NAD+

A

Contains adenosine and is an electron acceptor in metabolism

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7
Q

Structural features of FAD

A

Contained adenosine and is an electron acceptor in metabolism

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8
Q

How the nucleotides are linked in nucleic acids

A

Nucleotides are connected by phosphodiester bonds

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9
Q

Specific interaction of bases

A

Base pairs
A-T (DNA)
A-U (RNA)
G-C

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10
Q

Composition of the backbone of nucleic acids

A

Sugar-phosphate groups

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11
Q

Meaning of DNA double helix

A

Two linear strands that run opposite to each other

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12
Q

The central dogma of molecular biology

A

DNA (replication) -> RNA (transcription) -> Protein (translation)

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13
Q

General features of DNA replication

A

DNA replication is possible due to the complimentary of the two strands of DNA
Translation = RNA synthesis
Transcription = Protein synthesis

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14
Q

General features of RNA synthesis

A

RNA transcript is complementary to the template (noncoding strand)

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15
Q

Meaning of coding and noncoding strands

A

Coding strand is non-template
Noncoding strand is template

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16
Q

Meaning of genetic code

A

There are 64 codes for 20 amino acids
16 codes for each of the 4 bases

17
Q

Meaning of a mutated gene and consequences

A
18
Q

What are nucleosides made of?

A

Base and a sugar

19
Q

Which bases are the pyrimidines?

A

Cytosine and Thymine (T only in DNA).
The nitrogen containing bases in nucleic acids that resemble pyrimidine.

20
Q

Which nucleotide is found in RNA and not DNA?

A

Uracil

21
Q
A

INCORRECT
C. Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleosides
CORRECT
Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides

22
Q
A

C. Uracil but not thymine

23
Q
A

A. Phosphodiester

24
Q
A

INCORRECT
C. Amino acids have one unique triplet code or codon

XX. BioChemistry (15 decks)

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