Chapter 3 (fruits) Flashcards
5 types of organic acids
- citric acid, citrus fruit + tomatoes
- malic acid
- tartaric acic: grapes
- benzoic acid: cranberries
- oxalic acid : rhubarb
examples of malic acid
apples, apricos, cherries, peaches, pears, stawberries, cranberries
3 fruits with highest Vitamin C
papaya, guava, cantaloupe
moist heat for fruit (2)
poaching, stewing
method heat of dried fruit (2)
soaking in water/simmered
dry heat of food (4)
baking, broiling, grilling, frying/sauteing
reaction of enzymatic browning
oxygen + phenolic compound + polyphenol oxidase enzyme
characteristics fruits and vegetables are graded on (6)
uniformity of the size and shape colour minimum and maximum diameter minimum lenght maturity freedom from disease, injury, an other defects and damage
temperature to keep canned fruit
21 degree , less than 70 F
why adding waxes commercially
protects surface
slow water loss
enhance appearance
may contain preservatives or colour
2 additives that prevent from browning
sulfites, ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
2 preservatives (antimicrobial)
sorbates, benzoates
how can we increase the storage time of ripe fruit (2)
placing in plastic bags with air holes on it
refrigerate
why adding calcium in industry
it reacts with pectic substances in tissues to form insoluble salts that strenghten tissues
effect of alkali on texture + why
mushy texture because solubilize hemicellulose