Chapter 3 - Factors influencing Australia’s health status Flashcards
Smoking - cardiovascular disease
Chemicals in tobacco smoke thickens the blood making it sticky and more likely to form blood clots increasing risk of heart attack and cardiovascular disease thus increasing mortality rates.
Smoking - cancer
Smoking can cause a fault in the body cells as they divide which can lead to a tumor and cancer contributing to an increase incidence of this condition
Alcohol - overweight and obesity
Alcohol is high in kilojoules and if not used for energy can be stored as adipose tissue thus leading to increase incidence of overweight and obesity
Alcohol - depression
Alcohol is a depressant which influences how people feel and think thus increasing the prevalence and incidence of conditions like anxiety and depression and therefore continue use over time can cause depression leading to burden of disease
Alcohol - injuries
Alcohol affects judgment and motor control which increase the risk of injuries and road traffic injuries thus increasing burden of disease through YLL
Overweight and obesity - cardiovascular disease
Overweight and obesity usually means there is a greater strain on the heart as the heart has to work harder to pump blood around the body, increasing the risk of a heart attack and cardiovascular disease thus increase a morbidity and mortality rates
Overweight and obesity - osteoarthritis
Overweight and obesity puts more pressure on joints particularly the knee joints, which can contribute to osteoarthritis contributing to higher rates of morbidity
Overweight and obesity - type 2 diabetes
Overweight and obesity contribute to fat cells which release a type of fatty acid into the bloodstream that leads to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes thus increasing burden of disease
Low intake of fibre - cardiovascular disease
A low intake of fibre can mean that levels of LDL cholesterol are higher than they otherwise would be contributing to the risk of heart attack and stroke thus increasing cardiovascular and higher rates of incidence and prevalence for these conditions
Low intake of fibre - overweight and obesity
Fibre provides a sense of fullness so a low intake can therefore contribute to overeating thus leading to increase incidence of overweight and obesity
Under consumption of fruit and vegetables - cardiovascular disease
Under consumption of fruit and vegetables assists in excreting LDL cholesterol which reduces the impact of developing atherosclerosis which reduces morbidity associated with cardiovascular disease
Under consumption of fruit and vegetables - overweight and obesity
The fibre in fruit and vegetables promotes feelings of fullness therefore underconsumption can lead to overeating this leading to adipose fat tissue contributing to incidence of overweight and obesity
Under consumption of dairy foods - cardiovascular disease
Under consumption of dairy foods means that the body lacks calcium which helps to regulate blood pressure however this can lead to developing a high blood pressure and risk of heart attack and cardiovascular disease thus increase rates of mortality
Under consumption of dairy foods - osteoporosis
Under consumption of dairy foods can mean that calcium intake is low which is required for building strong bones increasing the risk of osteoporosis thus increasing morbidity
High intake of fat - cardiovascular disease
Fat can contain LDL cholesterol which speeds up the process of atherosclerosis which can cause a heart attack and stroke increasing the risk of cardiovascular thus increase the incidence of heart attack and stroke
High intake of fat - overweight and obesity
If excessive consumption of fat is consumed it will be stored as adipose fat tissue due to it being energy dense and high in kilojoules and can contribute to overweight, and obesity thus increase the rate of morbidity
High intake of fat - type 2 diabetes
Saturated and trans fats increase the impact of impaired glucose regulation increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes thus increasing the incidence and prevalence of this condition
High intake of salt - cardiovascular disease
A high intake of salt draws fluid of out of cells from the body and increases blood pressure and blood volume which places added strain on the heart as it has to work harder to pump blood around the body and contributes to higher rates of heart attack and increase incidence of cardiovascular disease
High intake of salt - osteoporosis
A high intake of salt can cause excretion of calcium from the body through urine and weakening bones therefore an increased risk of osteoporosis and increasing YLD
High intake of sugar - overweight and obesity
A high intake of sugar provides fuel for bacteria in the mouth which creates acid that can rot enamel increasing the risk of dental caries and contributing to YLD
