Chapter 2 - Health status indicators Flashcards
Self-assessed health status
an individual’s own opinion about how they feel about their health, their state of mind and their life in general
Life expectancy
the number of years of life on average remaining for an individual at a particular age if death rates do not change
Health adjusted life expectancy (HALE)
the number of years an individual is expected to live in good health based on current rates of ill health and mortality
Mortality
relates to death, often at a population level
- Measured per 100,000 lives
Infant mortality
deaths in children between birth and their first birthday
- Measured per 1000 lives
Under-5 mortality rate
relates to deaths in children between birth and their fifth birthday
- Measured per 1000 live births
Maternal mortality rate
death of a mother during pregnancy, childbirth or within six weeks of delivery
- Measured per 100,000 live births
Morbidity
ill health in an individual and level of ill health within a population
Incidence
refers to the number of new cases of a disease in a population during a given period (usually 12 months)
- new cases
Prevalence
the total number of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given period
- Total number of cases (new and existing)
Burden of disease
the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. BOD is measured in a unit called DALY
Disability adjusted life year
a measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals to one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness or injury
- DALY = YLL + YLD
Years of life lost
a measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death
- fatal component of DALY
Years lived with disability
a measure of how many healthy years of life lost due to disease, injury or disability
- non fatal component of DLAY
