Chapter 3 - Ethical Research Flashcards
Autonomy (Belmont Report)
Autonomy, as expressed in the Belmont Report, is the principle that individuals in research investigations are capable of making a decision of whether or not to participate.
APA Ethics Code
The APA Ethics Code is a statement of ethical standards and principles to which all psychologists and people involved in the field of psychology should adhere.
Beneficence (Belmont Report)
Beneficence, as expressed in the Belmont Report, is the principle that research should have beneficial effects while minimizing any harmful effects.
Justice (Belmont Report)
Justice, as expressed in the Belmont Report, is the principle that all individuals and groups should have fair and equal access to the benefits of research participation as well as potential risks of research participation.
Belmont Report
The Belmont Report is a report that gave birth to the current ethical guidelines for researchers in the fields of behavior or medicine, defining principles and applications that have since been used in the APA Ethics Code.
Confidentiality
Confidentiality is the principle that all information given to the researcher will be kept private, or confidential, except as necessary for the research. In cases where individual information must be given, all data linking the individual’s identity to the information will be kept hidden.
Debriefing
Debriefing is an explanation of the purposes of the research that is given to participants following their participation in the research.
Deception
Deception, as used in research, is misinformation that a participant receives during a research investigation.
Exempt Research
Exempt research is research that, because it poses no risk to participants, is exempt from having to obtain informed consent. However, the Institutional Review Board must decide that research is exempt - not the researchers.
Fraud
Fraud is the fabrication of data - making up data to suit one’s research desires.
Honest Experiments
Honest experiments are experiments conducted wherein the participants know exactly what the researchers are studying and hope to accomplish with the research, and the participants have agreed to be studied.
IACUC
The IACUC, the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, a committee composed of at least one scientist, one veterinarian, and one community member, reviews animal research procedures and ensures that all regulations are followed.
Informed Consent
In research ethics, informed consent is the principle that participants in an experiment be informed in advance of all aspects of the research that might influence their decision to participate.
Institutional Review Board (IRB)
An Institutional Review Board, or IRB, is an ethics review committee established to review research proposals. The IRB is composed of scientists, nonscientists, and legal experts.
Minimal Risk Research
Minimal risk research is research in which participants are exposed to risks that are no greater than those encountered in daily life or in routine physical or psychological tests.
