Chapter 3: Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

biosphere

A

region of Earth where life resides, combination of all ecosystems

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2
Q

producer/autotroph

A

organism that uses energy of sun to produce usable forms of energy

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3
Q

photosynthesis

A

process by which producers use solar energy to convert to carbon dioxide and water into glucose

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4
Q

cellular respiration

A

process by which cells unlock energy of chemical compounds

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5
Q

aerobic respiration

A

process which cells convert glucose/water/oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water

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6
Q

anaerobic respiration

A

process by which cells convert glucose into energy in the absence of oxygen

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7
Q

consumer/heterotroph

A

organism that needs to get energy from consuming other organisms

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8
Q

herbivore/primary consumers

A

consumer that eats producers

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9
Q

carnivore

A

consumer that eats other consumers

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9
Q

secondary consumer

A

carnivore that eats primary consumers

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9
Q

food chain

A

sequence of consumption from producers through tertiary consumers

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9
Q

food web

A

complex model of how energy moves between trophic levels

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10
Q

trophic levels

A

successive levels of organisms consuming one another

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10
Q

tertiary consumers

A

carnivore that eats secondary consumers

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11
Q

scavenger

A

organism that consumes dead animals

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12
Q

detritivore

A

organism that breaks down dead tissue and waste into smaller particles

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13
Q

decomposer

A

fungi/bacteria that convert organic matter into small elements that can be recycled back to the ecosystem

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14
Q

GPP

A

total amount of solar energy producers can capture with photosynthesis over a certain time

15
Q

NPP

A

energy captured by producers minus energy producers respire

16
Q

biomass

A

total mass of all living matter in an area

17
Q

standing crop

A

amount of biomass present in an ecosystem at a particular time

18
Q

ecological efficiency

A

proportion of consumer energy that is passed from one trophic level to another

19
Q

trophic pyramid

A

representation of distribution of biomass, numbers, energy among trophic levels

20
Q

biogeochemical cycle

A

movements of matter within and between ecosystems

21
Q

hydrologic cycle

A

movement of water through biosphere

22
Q

transpiration

A

release of water from leaves during photosynthesis

23
Q

evapotranspiration

A

combined amount of evaporation and transpiration

24
Q

runoff

A

water that moves across land surface and into streams/rivers

25
Q

carbon cycle

A

movement of carbon around the biosphere

26
Q

macronutrient

A

one of 6 key elements that organisms need it large amounts
nitrogen
phosphorus
potassium
calcium
magnesium
sulfur

27
Q

limiting nutrient

A

nutrient needed for growth but less available than other nutrients

28
Q

nitrogen cycle

A

movement of nitrogen around the biosphere

29
Q

nitrogen fixation

A

when some organisms can convert nitrogen gas molecules into ammonia

30
Q

nitrification

A

conversion of ammonia into nitrate, nitrite

31
Q

assimilation

A

producers incorporating elements into their tissues

32
Q

mineralization

A

when fungal and bacterial decomposers break down dead organic matter to waste products, convert to inorganic compounds

33
Q

ammonification

A

fungal and bacterial decomposers break down organic nitrogen, convert to inorganic ammonium

34
Q

denitrification

A

conversion of nitrate into gases nitrous oxide then nitrogen gas

35
Q

leaching

A

transportation of dissolved molecules through soil via groundwater

36
Q

phosphorus cycle

A

movement of phosphorus through biosphere

37
Q

algal bloom

A

rapid increase in algal population

38
Q

sulfur cycle

A

movement of sulfur through the biosphere

39
Q

eutrophication

A

when a body of water becomes progressively enriched with nutrients and minerals

40
Q
A