Chapter 3: Early Vertebrates - Jawless Vertebrates and the Origin of Jawed Vertebrates Flashcards
Define Viviparous
Live birth
Define Oviparous
Lay eggs
What were ostracoderms?
Animals that were very different from any vertebrate alive today. They were fish encased in bony armor.
What are the 4 groups of jawed fish?
1) Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous)
2) Osteichthyans (bony)
3) Placoderms (known for thick, bony shield)
4) Acanthodians (known for their stout spines)
3 and 4 are extinct
Name the 3 main functions of a jaw.
1) Respiration
2) Maneuvering of prey
3) Feeding
What is Enamel and Dentine?
Mineralized tissues primarily in the teeth among living vertebrates that are as old as bone
What were ostracoderms used for?
A defensive structure against attacks from predators and a protective and insulating coating around the electroreceptors that enhances detection of prey
What is a Conodont?
Spinelike or comblike structures composed of apatite (toothlike elements of true vertebrates)
What serves as a store of calcium and phosphorous?
Bone
Why are Hagfish and Lampreys linked as cyclostomes?
They have round, jawless mouths
Hagfish are found where?
In the deep, cold parts of the sea floor
What defensive feature to hagfishes posses?
Slime
Lampreys are…?
Parasitic
Why are fins important?
They act as hydrofoils that apply pressure to the surrounding water.
A tail fin gives more thrust during propulsion.
Pectoral/pelvic fins tilt the fish up and down and act as brakes
True or false
Fins are only used for locomotion.
FALSE
They can also be used for defense (spiny fins can inject poison) and visual signals (colorful fins help find mates or warn predators)
