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b i o l o g y > chapter 3 - diversity of living organisms > Flashcards

chapter 3 - diversity of living organisms Flashcards

1
Q

State the structure of a virus.

A
  • non-cellular
  • core is a strand of genetic material (DNA/RNA)
  • core is enclosed in a protein coat, called capsid
  • capsid consists of capsomeres
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2
Q

State the arguments that viruses are living organisms.

A
  • viruses are capable of reproduction
  • they have genetic material (DNA/RNA)
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3
Q

State the arguments that viruses are not living organisms.

A
  • viruses don;t have a cell structure
  • 6 out of the 7 characteristics of living organisms do not apply to them
  • they can only reproduce within the cells of the host organism.
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4
Q

Name the 7 characteristics of living organisms.

A
  • movement
  • respiration
  • excretion
  • sensitivity
  • growth
  • reproduction
  • nutrition
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5
Q

What is movement?

A

an action by an organism or part of the organism causing a change in position or place.

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6
Q

What is respiration?

A

Organisms are able to break down glucose and other substances inside their cells to release energy.

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7
Q

What is sensitivity?

A

Organisms are able to detect stimuli in their environment and respond to it approprately.

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8
Q

What is growth?

A

It is the permanent increase in size, dry mass and the number of cells in an organism.

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9
Q

What is reproduction?

A

Organisms are able to produce offspring of the same specie as themselves.

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10
Q

What is excretion?

A

Organisms are able to excrete metabolic waste, waste substances and excess substances from their bodies.

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11
Q

What is nutrition?

A

Organisms take nutrients from their surroundings and use it for energy, growth and development.

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12
Q

Name the characteristics of the Kingdom Plantae.

A
  • eukaryotic
  • have chlorophyll
  • cell wall of cellulose
  • sexual + asexual
  • autotrophic
  • multicellular
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13
Q

Name the two classes of the phylum flowering plants (angiosperms).

A

monocotyledons (one seeds lobe)
dicotyledons (two seed lobes)

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14
Q

State visible external diagnotic features of monocotyledons for:
- seeds
- leaves
- veins
- roots
- flowers

A
  • one seed lobe (cotyledon)
  • long, narrow & strap-shaped
  • parallel veins
  • adventitious/fibrous root system
  • multiples of 3
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15
Q

State visible external diagnotic features of dicotyledons for:
- seeds
- leaves
- veins
- roots
- flowers

A
  • 2 seeds lobes (cotyledons)
  • broad leaves
  • network/branching pattern
  • taproot system
  • multiplies of 4/5
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16
Q

Name the 4 Phylums of Animalia.

A
  • mollusca
  • annelida
  • arthropoda
  • chordata
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17
Q

Name the characteristics of Animalia.

A
  • multicellular
  • eukaryotic
  • no cell walls
  • no chloroplasts
  • muscles + nerves
18
Q

Name the 4 classes of Arthropoda.

A
  • insecta
  • arachnida
  • crustacea
  • myriapoda
19
Q

Name the 5 classes of Chordata.

A
  • mammalia
  • aves
  • reptilia
  • amphibia
  • pisces
20
Q

Name the 2 orders of Myriapoda.

A

diplopoda
chilopoda

21
Q

Outline the 3 visible diagnostic features of Arthropoda.

A
  • segmented bodies
  • jointed limbs
  • exoskeleton
22
Q

Outline the external diagnostic features of Annelida.

A
  • segmented worms
  • fixed number of similar segments (metameric
    segmentation)
  • move with bristles, called chaetae
  • covered with a non-chitinous cuticle
23
Q

Outline the diagnostic external features of Mollusca.

A
  • soft, unsegmented bodies
  • have a hump covered by a mantle
  • mantle secretes a shell
  • large muscular foot
  • mouth with rasping tongue-like radula
24
Q

State the 5 classes of vertebrates.

A

mammalia
reptilia
aves
amphibia
pisces

25
Q

Outline the visible external diagnostic features of Arthropoda.

A
  • they have jointed limbs
  • they have segmented bodies
  • they are covered with an exoskeleton made
    up of chitin.
26
Q

Outline the visible external diagnostic features of Insecta.

A
  • 3 segments, namely head, thorax & abdomen
  • 3 pair of legs
  • 2 pairs of wings
  • 1 pair of compound eyes
  • 1 pair of antennae
27
Q

Outline the visible external diagnostic features of Crustacea.

A
  • 2 body sections, namely cephalothorax and abdomen
  • 5 or more pairs of legs
  • 2 pairs of antennae
  • exoskeleton hardened by calcium salts
  • compound eyes on stalks
  • dorsal part of body is covered by hard shields called carapace
28
Q

Outline the visible external diagnostic features of Arachnida.

A
  • 2 body segments, namely cephalothorax and abdomen
  • 4 pairs of legs
  • chelicerae with poison
  • 8 simple eyes
  • leathery exoskeleton
29
Q

Outline the visible external diagnostic features of Myriapoda.

A
  • 2 body parts, namely head and trunk
  • jointed legs
  • 1 pair of antennae
  • long segmented trunks
  • metameric segmentation
30
Q

Name the 2 orders of Myriapoda.

A

centipedes
millipedes

31
Q

Outline the visible external diagnostic features of Centipedes.

A
  • flattened bodies
  • 1 pair of legs per segment
  • 1 pair of long antennae
  • carnivorous with poison claws and strong mouths
32
Q

Outline the visible external diagnostic features of Millipedes.

A
  • rounded bodies
  • 2 pairs of legs per segment
  • 1 pair of short antennae
  • herbivorous with strong mouthparts to eat plants
33
Q

Name the characteristics of vertebrates.

A
  • have a backbone
  • well-differentiated head
  • internal skeleton made of bone
34
Q

Outline the visible external diagnostic features of bony fish (Osteichthyes).

A
  • absorb oxygen through gills covered in operculum
  • mouth opening present at anterior tip
  • fins for swimming and balancing which are supported by bony rays
  • have lateral veins for detecting vibrations
  • have thin bony plates (scales) which cover their bodies
35
Q

Outline the visible external diagnostic features of Pisces.

A
  • limbless
    -coldblooded
  • gills + fins
  • marine / freshwater
36
Q

Outline the visible external diagnostic features of cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes).

A
  • absorb oxygen through gills that are exposed by gill slits and are not covered by operculum
  • wide mouth opening is in ventral position to underside of body
  • have fins for moving forward/backward/turning and is supported by cartilage rods
  • skin is covered in tiny tooth-like scales
37
Q

Outline the visible external diagnostic features of Amphibia.

A
  • smooth, moist skin
  • terrestrial animals that breed in water and lay soft jelly-like eggs that hatch into tadpoles with gills
  • adults breathe with lungs and use their skin for gaseous exchange
38
Q

Outline the visible external diagnostic features of Reptilia.

A
  • tough, dry, scaly skin protected by overlapping scales
  • terrestrial animals that lay eggs with tough, leathery shells
  • have 4 limbs (snakes - no limbs)
39
Q

Outline the visible external diagnostic features of Aves.

A
  • skin covered by feathers
  • feet covered by scales
  • toothless beakes
  • forelimbs are modified as wings
  • they lay hard-shelled eggs with food store (yolk) and calcareous shells
40
Q

Outline the visible external diagnostic features of Mammalia.

A
  • skin covered by hair or fur
  • mammary glands present with milk to feed young
  • external earflaps (pinnae)

b i o l o g y (13 decks)

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