Chapter 3 Displaying and Describing Categoricall Data

Question 1

2 types of Data

Answer 1

1. Numerical (numbers)

2. Categorical (categories)

Question 2

How are categorical data displayed( not are not used for numerical data)

Answer 2

1. pie charts
2. Bar graph
   3 Frequency Table ( summarized)

Question 3

PILE

Answer 3

we pile things together that seem to go together so we can see how cases distribute across different categories.
. This is done by counting the number of cases corresponding to each category and pile them up.

Question 4

FREQUENCY TABLE

Answer 4

organizes counts and records the totals and the category names.
. Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count ( or percentage of observation for each category

Question 5

How are variables and categories labled on a frequency table

Answer 5

VARIABLES : column names ( horizontal)

CATEGORIES: row names (vertical)

Question 6

PROPORTION

Answer 6

dividing counts by the total number of cases

Question 7

PERCENTAGES

Answer 7

multiply by 100

Question 8

RELATIVE FREQUENCY TABLE

Answer 8

displays the percentages, rather than countsof the values in each category

Question 9

TABLES

Answer 9

show how cases are distributed across categories.
. They describe the DISTRIBUTION of a CATEGORICAL VARIABLE because they name the possible categories and tell how frequently each occurs

Question 10

AREA PRINCIPLE

Answer 10

The area occupied by a part of the graph should correspond to the magnitude of the value it represents.

Question 11

BAR CHART

Answer 11

Displays the distribute of a categorical variable, showing the counts for each category next to each other for easy comparison

Question 12

RELATIVE FREQUENCY BAR CHART

Answer 12

DISPALYS percentages in a bar graph

Question 13

PIE CHART

Answer 13

Show the whole group of cases in a circle .They slice the pieces whose size is proportional to the fraction of the whole in each category

Question 14

CONTINGENCY TABLE

Answer 14

displays counts and, somtimes percentages of individuals falling on two or more variables. Does one variable depend on another

Question 15

Each CELL of a contingency table

Answer 15

gives the count for a combination of values of two variables

Question 16

What does MARGINAL DISTRIBUTION mean

Answer 16

percentage: count of each divided by the total

. The distribution of a variable alone: the counts or percentages are totals found in the margin.

Question 17

CONDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION

Answer 17

show distribution of one variable for just those cases that satisfy a condition on another variable.
. The distribution of a variable restricting the WHO to consideronly a smaller group of individuals

Question 18

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES in a contingency Table

Answer 18

In a contingency table when the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for all categories of another

Question 19

Distribution

Answer 19

The distribution of a variable gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each