Chapter 3: Development, Structure & Function of Organisms

Question 1

proteins

Answer 1

composed of amino acids and capable of forming complex 3-D structures

Question 2

Protein Structure

Answer 2

Primary structure: sequence of amino acids in a protein
Secondary structure: characteristic folding of the peptide backbone
Tertiary structure: the 3-D structure of a protein
Quaternary structure: arrangements of multiple peptides in space to form a single protein

Question 3

Alpha-Helix

Answer 3

coiled structure, produced relatively rigid rods

Question 4

Beta-Sheets

Answer 4

parallel arrays of backbone, produces planar sheets

Question 5

carbohydrates

Answer 5

sugars and starches. important for energy storage, transport and structures

Question 6

lipids

Answer 6

hydrocarbons that are insoluble in water due to polar covalent bonds. important for cell structure, energy storage, insulation and communication

Question 7

fatty acid

Answer 7

non polar hydrocarbon with a polar carboxyl group

Question 8

saturated fatty acid

Answer 8

no double bonds between carbons–it is saturated with H atoms

Question 9

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 9

some double bonds in carbon chain

monounsaturated: one double bond
polyunsaturated: more than one

Question 10

phospholipids

Answer 10

fatty acids bound to glycerol, a phosphate group replaces one fatty acid

Question 11

phospholipid bilayer

Answer 11

hydrophobic tails line up with others and then face outward to form a barrier between the structure