Chapter 3: Databases Flashcards

1
Q

Database

A
  • A central repository of information, stored more-or-less permanently on a computer system, that is of interest to some enterprise.
  • The heart of an information system, is a collection of all relevant facts organized in a series of integrated files (tables)
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2
Q

Database Management System (DBMS)

A
  • A generalized software tool for manipulating large databases; it provides minimally the capabilities of interrogation and maintenance of the stored data, via a set of languages or user interfaces.
  • Is software for creating, storing, maintaining, and accessing database files
  • A software program that lets the user create databases and then manipulate the data in the databases
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3
Q

5 Purposes of Database Systems

A
  1. Record and organize data
  2. Maintain (create, delete, modify/update) data
  3. Interrogation (Questioning/retrieving data)
  4. Interconnect data
  5. Security, control, data sharing
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4
Q

Table =

A

Relation/Record (Multiple records)

Records make up Fields which makes up a File

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5
Q

Row of a table =

A

Record/Tuple

  • Multiple records create a table
  • Record = Makes up a field
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6
Q

Column of a table =

A

Field/attributes

  • Made up of records
  • Group of fields make up a file
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7
Q

Files

A

Database file with multiple tabes (all in the same database) interrelated

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8
Q

Primary Key

A
  • Uniquely identifies every record in a database
  • Cannot repeat
  • Can be foreign key if same field is in another table
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9
Q

Foreign Key

A

Field in a table that matches the primary key column of another table

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10
Q

Sequential access file structure

A

Records in files are organized and processed in numerical or sequential order (usually order in which they were entered)

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11
Q

Random access file structure

A

Records can be accessed in any order

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12
Q

Indexed sequential access method (ISAM)

A
  • Records can be accessed sequentially or randomly depending on number being accessed
  • Small company: Random
  • Large company: Sequential
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13
Q

Physical View

A
  • One way that information is viewed in a database
  • Involves how data is stored and how its retrieved
  • Ex: Hard disks, magnetic tapes, or CDs
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14
Q

Logical View

A
  • One way that information is viewed in a database
  • Involves how information appears to users and how it can be organized and retrieved
  • Usually doesn’t display data (database view)
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15
Q

Data Model

A
  • Determines how data is created, represented, organized, and maintained.
  • Usually contains data structure, operations, and integrity (quality/accuracy) rules
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16
Q

Structured Query Language (SQL)

A

Standard 4th gen query language that consists of several keywords specifying actions to take
Ex: SELECT field FROM table or file WHERE conditions

17
Q

Query by example (QBE)

A
  • You request data from a database by constructing a statement made up of query forms
  • You simply click to select query forms instead of having to remember key words (as with SQL)
  • You can add AND (all conditions), OR (one condition), and NOT (no condition) operations to the QBE form to fine-tune the query
  • Query = question
18
Q

Relational Model

A
  • Uses a two-dimensional table of rows and columns of data
  • Rows are records, also called tuples
  • Columns are fields, also called attributes
19
Q

Data dictionary

A

Stores definitions, such as data types for fields, default values, and validation rules for data in each field

20
Q

Normalization

A
  • Used to improve database efficiency by:
    • > Eliminating redundant data
    • > Ensuring that only related data is stored in a table
  • Goes through different stages, from first normal form (1NF) to fifth normal form (5NF)
21
Q

Create, read, update, and delete (CRUD)

A

Refers to the range of functions that data administrators determine who has permission to perform certain functions

22
Q

Database administrators (DBA)

A
  • Design and set up databases
  • Establish security measures
  • Develop recovery procedures
  • Evaluate database performance
  • Add/fine-tune database functions
  • Used in large organizations
23
Q

Data driven web site

A

Acts an interface to a database, retrieving data for users and allowing users to enter data in the database

24
Q

Application generation

A

Design elements of an application using databases

25
Q

Data Administration

A

Backup and recovery, security, change management

Two types: Create, read, update, and delete (CRUD) and Database administrators (DBA)