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IT 14 > Chapter 1: Introduction > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Information systems =

A
  • Information technologies: tech that supports systems - Ex: computer networks, internet -> public, (intranet ->private), databases
  • Help organizations be more competitive and improve efficiency (resource utilization) and effectiveness (appropriateness)
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2
Q

Computer Literacy

A
  • Using productivity software
  • Having basic knowledge of hardware, software, the internet, tools, and technology
  • Ex: Word, excel, database management systems, presentation software
  • Is a skill in using productivity software, such as word processors spreadsheets, database management systems, and presentation software
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3
Q

Information Literacy

A
  • Understanding information to generate business intelligence (BI)
  • BI: More than just information. Provides historical, current, predictions, competitive edge
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4
Q

Transaction Processing System (TPS)

A
  • Focuses on data collection and processing
  • Cost reduction
  • Involve operations that are repetitive
  • Ex: Record keeping, inventory control, automated pay roll
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5
Q

Management Information Systems (MIS)

A
  • Produces timely, integrated, relevant, accurate, useful information for making decisions.
  • Uses data to make decisions
  • Includes:
    • > Hardware (computer)
    • > Software (program)
    • > Processes
    • > Human elements
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6
Q

4 Major components of an information system

A
  1. Data
  2. Database
  3. Process
  4. Information
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7
Q

Data

A
  • Raw facts
  • Input of information system
  • Ex: customer numbers and their names
  • Eventually becomes information
  • External (comes from customers, competitors, supplies, labor statistics, govt.) or Internal (sales records, personal records)
  • Aggregated (totaled) or disaggregated (itemized lists)
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8
Q

Information

A
  • Processed data that is useful in decision making
  • Knowledge derived from data
  • Facts in context
  • Output/goal of information systems
  • Used to make decisions
  • Anything you can compare
  • Must have timeliness, integration with other data and information, consistency and accuracy, relevance
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9
Q

Database

A
  • A permanent collection of information
  • Collection of all relevant data organized in a series of integrated files
  • A central repository of information, stored more-or-less permanently on a computer system, that is of interest to some enterprise.
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10
Q

Database Management System (DBMS)

A
  • The software used to filter database
  • A generalized software tool for manipulating large databases; it provides minimally the capabilities of interrogation and maintenance of the stored data, via a set of languages or user interfaces.
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11
Q

Process

A
  • Generate the most useful type of information for decision making
    -Ex: Transaction-processing reports
    Models for decision analysis
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12
Q

4 M’s of resources

A
  1. Man
  2. Money
  3. Machine
  4. Materials
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13
Q

Personnel information system (PIS) or human resource information system (HRIS)

A

Designed to provide information that helps decision makers in personnel carry out tasks effectively

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14
Q

Logistics information system (LIS)

A

Designed to reduce the cost of transporting materials while maintaining safe and reliable delivery, optimization

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15
Q

Manufacturing information system (MFIS)

A

Used to manage manufacturing resources so that companies can:

 - > Reduce manufacturing costs
 - > Increase product quality
 - > Improve inventory decisions
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16
Q

Financial information system (FIS)

A

Used to provide information to financial executives in a timely manner

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17
Q

Marketing information system (MKIS)

A
  • Used to improve marketing decisions

- Provides timely, accurate, and integrated information about the marketing mix (Price, promotion, place, and product)

18
Q

Porter’s 5 Forces Model

A
  1. Buyer power: High when buyers have many choices, low when they have few choices, want to limit choices so buyers don’t switch
  2. Supplier power: High when customer options low, can charge more, demand
  3. Threat of substitute products or services: Up when up alternatives
  4. Threat of new entrants: Down when duplicating good is hard
  5. Rivalry among existing competitors: Up when up competitors
    - Used to analyze a firm’s position in the marketplace and how it can use information systems to be more competitive
19
Q

3 strategies to gain competitive advantage in marketplace

A
  1. Overall cost leadership
  2. Differentiation: Making products and services different from competitors
    3: Focus strategies: Focusing on specific market segments to achieve a cost or differentiation advantage
20
Q

System software

A

Pre-installed
Generic
System = Multiple
Ex: System software -> has operating system (Windows) -> has apps (Excel)

21
Q

Operating System

A
  • Set of programs for controlling and managing computer hard and software
  • Provides interface between computer and user
  • Example of a system software
  • Ex: Windows, Mac
  • Consists of Control programs (used to manage hardware) and supervisors programs (kernel) used to control all other programs in the operating system (software)
22
Q

Application Software

A
  • Performs specialized tasks
  • Some apps are pre-installed others, the user installs
  • Ex: Microsoft Office (Excel, word, powerpoint, access)
  • Word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems, and productivity software
23
Q

Knowledge worker

A
  • A person whose job involves handling and using information

- Information processor that uses software (computer programs) and knowledge

24
Q

Efficiency

A

Concerned with resource utilization

Output/Input

25
Q

Effectiveness

A

Concerned with the appropriateness of the transformation process

26
Q

System

A
  • A set of interrelated parts that work together for some purpose.
  • Transforms inputs into outputs
    Input -> Process -> Output -> Feedback (Information about system performance)
  • All systems have a goal
27
Q

Decision Support System (DSS)

A

Model that takes input and generates information, makes predictions used to make decisions

28
Q

Garbage in Garbage out (GIGO)

A

Output quality depends on input quality.

Inaccurate data will lead to inaccurate information

29
Q

Computer

A
  • An electronic device which can perform computations including arithmetic and logical operations (example: User puts in username and password, does it match up/compares uses if then statement: if condition is true then allow access)
  • Can store and execute its own instructions
  • Accepts data (input) for processing and outputs a result
  • Has internal storage, can execute a stored program (program = a set of instructions for a particular computer application)
30
Q

The significance about a computer’s ability to store instructions is that it

A
  • Allows you to use your computer for one task and then switch to a different one (stored program)
  • Uses one computer for many programs, adds flexibility to change
  • Provides reliability (dependable)
31
Q

Program (source code)

A

= Instructions
- A set of instructions for a particular computer application
= source code -> translated into object code (consisting o binary 1s and 0s

32
Q

Models

A

Variables go in (input, data) -> predict what will happen
Ex: Decision Support System (DSS)

33
Q

Optimization

A

The best situation based on circumstances

34
Q

Transaction

A

Event that you are capturing

35
Q

Point of sale (POS)

A
  • System that scans what is being sold and collects data in real time
  • Moment that transaction is completed
  • Ex: Cash register -> code -> product -> price -> cash/credit card -> approved
36
Q

Radio frequency identification tags (RFID)

A

Ex: Name tag with id in badge, tracker, count amount of people

37
Q

Yield Management

A

Adjusting price to match supply and demand and competition

38
Q

What is software?

A

The set of instructions that the hardware executes to carry out specific tasks

39
Q

External Data comes from:

A

Customers, competitors, suppliers, labor statistics, and the government

40
Q

Internal Data comes from:

A

Sales records and personal records

IT 14 (15 decks)

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