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Information System > Chapter 3: Computer Software and Hardware > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Computer Software and Hardware Flashcards

1
Q

Enumeration:
Types of Computer Systems

A
  • Microcomputer Systems
  • Midrange Systems
  • Mainframe Systems
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2
Q

Personal computers, network computers, technical workstations, personal digital assistants, information appliances, etc.

A

Microcomputer Systems

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3
Q

Network servers, minicomputers, web servers, multiuser systems, etc.

A

Midrange Systems

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4
Q

Enterprise systems, superservers, transaction processors, supercomputers, etc.

A

Mainframe Systems

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5
Q

are the most important category of computer systems for both businesspeople and consumers. Although usually called a personal computer, or PC, a ________ is much more than a small computer for use by an individual as a communicator device. The computing power of micro computers now exceeds that of the mainframes of previous computer generations, at a fraction of their cost. Thus, they have become powerful networked professional workstations for business professionals.

A

Microcomputer Systems

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6
Q

The term ______ describes a category of extremely powerful computer system specifically designed for scientific, engineering, business applications requiring extremely high speeds for massive numeric computations. The market for supercomputers includes government research agencies, large universities, and major corporations. They use _________ for applications such as global weather fore-casting, military defense systems, computational cosmology and astronomy, microprocessor research and design, and large-scale data mining.

A

Supercomputer Systems

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7
Q

_________ is the generic name given to all input, output, and secondary storage devices that are part of a computer system but are not part of the CPU. _________ depend on direct connections or telecommunications links to the central processing unit of a computer system. Thus, all peripherals are online devices; that is, they are separate from, but can be electronically connected to and controlled by, a CPU.

A

Peripherals

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8
Q

Keyboards are still the most widely used devices for entering data and text into computer systems. However, ___________ are a better alternative for issuing commands, making choices, and responding to prompts displayed on your video screen. They work with your operating system’s graphical user interface (GUI), which presents you with icons, menus, windows, buttons, and bars for your selection.

A

Pointing Devices

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9
Q

Enumeration:

Kinds of Pointing Devices

A
  • ELECTRONIC MOUSE
  • TRACKBALL
  • POINTING STICK
  • TOUCH PAD
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10
Q

is the most popular pointing device used to move the cursor on the screen, as well as issue commands and make icon and menu selections

A

ELECTRONIC MOUSE

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11
Q

is a stationary device related to the mouse.

A

TRACKBALL

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12
Q

A _______ (also called a trackpoint) is a small button-like device, sometimes likened to the eraser head of a pencil.

A

POINTING STICK

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13
Q

The ________ is a small rectangular touch-sensitive surface usually placed below the keyboard.

A

TOUCH PAD

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14
Q

Enumeration:

Types of Software

A
  • System Software
  • Application Software
  • Programming Software
  • Middleware
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15
Q

______________ are software applications designed to help individuals manage personal information, such as contacts, calendars, tasks, notes, and sometimes even email.

A

PERSONAL INFORMATION MANAGERS

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16
Q

A software that helps workgroups and teams collaborate to accomplish group assignments.

A

GROUPWARE

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17
Q

It refer to different programs or applications that serve similar purposes or provide similar functionalities.

A

SOFTWARE ALTERNATIVES

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18
Q

it is a model for allowing convenient, on demand access from anywhere to a shared pool of computing resources.

A

CLOUD COMPUTING

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19
Q

_____________ in software refers to the efficient allocation and utilization of resources such as CPU, memory, storage, and network bandwidth to ensure optimal performance and reliability of software applications.

A

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

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20
Q

_______________ in software involves organizing, storing, retrieving, and manipulating files and data within a computer system

A

FILE MANAGEMENT

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21
Q

____________________in software involves organizing, tracking, and prioritizing tasks or activities to ensure efficient completion of goals and projects.

A

TASK MANAGEMENT

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22
Q

computer operating system (OS) developed by Microsoft Corporation to run personal computers (PCs)

A

Microsoft Windows

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23
Q

Who develop Microsoft?

A

Bill Gates and Paul Allen (1975)

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24
Q

Date that Windows 1 released?

A

1985

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25
Q

Date that Windows 3.1 released?

A

1992

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26
Q

Date that Windows 95 released?

A

1995

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27
Q

Date that Windows NT released?

A

1995

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28
Q

Date that Windows 98 released?

A

1998

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29
Q

Date that Windows XP released?

A

2001

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30
Q

Date that Windows Vista released?

A

2006

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31
Q

Date that Windows 7 released?

A

2009

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32
Q

Date that Windows 8 released?

A

2012

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33
Q

Date that Windows 10 released?

A

2015

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34
Q

an open source operating system (OS) that directly manages a system’s hardware and resources

low-cost, powerful and reliable UNIX-like OS

was developed as free or low-cost shareware or open-source software in 1990s by Linus Torvald of Finland

A

Linux

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35
Q

used for Internet servers, workstations, and mainframe computers

multitasking, multiuser, network-managing OS whose portability allows it to run on mainframes, midrange computers, and microcomputers

A

Unix

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36
Q

is software with source code that anyone can access

developers collaborate on the development of an application using programming standards that allow for anyone to contribute to the software

A

Open Source Software

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37
Q

a programming language for creating Web pages

a page description language that creates hypertext or hypermedia documents

A

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)

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38
Q

a programming language that supports information exchange between computer systems

it describes the contents of Web pages (including business documents designed for use on the Web) by applying identifying tags or contextual labels to the data in Web documents

A

XML (eXtensible Markup Language)

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39
Q

a programming language used to develop mobile apps, web apps and much more

an object-oriented programming language created by Sun Microsystems

A

Java

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40
Q

It is a developer platform with tools and libraries for building any type of app

collection of programming support

A

.Net

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41
Q

a software system that supports interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network

software components that are based on a framework of Web and object-oriented standards and technologies for using the Web that electronically link the applications of different users and different computing platforms

A

Web Services

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42
Q

Computer comes from latin word _______ that means _______

A
  • Computare
  • To compute, to recall
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43
Q

The word “calculate” is derive from _______, the latin word for _______

A
  • calculus
  • small stone, pebbles, beads
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44
Q

First computing tool

A

Abacus

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45
Q

gigaflops means?

A

billions of floating-point operations per second

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46
Q

teraflops means?

A

trillions of floating-point operations per seconds

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47
Q

The use of symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) and distributed shared memory (DSM) designs for smaller numbers of interconnected microprocessors has spawned a breed of ________ with prices that start in the hundreds of thousands of dollars

A

Minisupercomputers

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48
Q

Enter data and instructions into the CPU

A

Input Devices

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49
Q

Enumeration:

Kinds of Input devices

A
  • Keyboard
  • Mouse
  • Touch screen
  • Optical Scanner
  • Voice Recognition
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50
Q

2 parts of CPU (Central Processing Unit)

A
  • Control Unit
  • Arithmetic-Logic Unit
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51
Q

Interprets instructions and data processing

A

Control Unit

52
Q

performs arithmetic operations and makes comparisons

A

Arithmetic-Logic

53
Q

stores data and program instructions during processing

A

Primary Storage (Memory)

54
Q

stores data and programs for processing

A

Secondary Storage Devices

55
Q

Enumeration:
Kinds of Secondary Storage Devices

A
  • Magnetic Disks
  • Tape Units
  • Optical Disks
56
Q

communicate and records information

A

Output Devices

57
Q

Enumeration:

Kinds of Output Devices

A
  • Visual Display Unit
  • Printer
  • Audio-Response
  • Physical Control Devices
58
Q

They convert data into electronic form for direct entry or through a telecommunications network into a computer system

A

Input

59
Q

The CPU is the main ___________ component of a computer system

A

Processing

60
Q

They converted electronic information produced by the computer system into human-intelligible form for presentation to end users

A

Output

61
Q

Computer processors may also include storage circuitry called _______ for high-speed, temporary storage of instructions and data elements

A

Cache Memory

62
Q

Its registers and other circuits interpret software instructions and transmit directions that control the activities of other components of the computer systems

A

Control

63
Q

The primary storage (main memory) of the computer consists of microelectronic ____________ chips

A

Semiconductor memory

64
Q

Disadvantages of Semiconductor Memory

A
  • volatility
65
Q

Major advantages of Semiconductor Memory

A
  • small size
  • great speed
  • shock and temperature resistance
66
Q

Types of Semiconductor Memory

A
  • RAM (random-access memory)
  • ROM (read-only memory)
67
Q

These memory chips are most widely used primary storage medium

A

RAM (random-access memory)

68
Q

Each memory position can be both sensed (read) and changed (written), so it is called read/write memory. This is a volatile memory

A

RAM (random-access memory)

69
Q

nonvolatile RAM chips are used for permanent storage

A

ROM (read-only memory)

70
Q

___ can be read but not erased or overwritten

A

ROM (read-only memory)

71
Q

permanently burned into the storage cells during manufacture

A

firmware

72
Q

PROM means?

A

programmable read-only memory

73
Q

EPROM means?

A

erasable programmable read-only memory

74
Q

uses small chips containing thousands of transistors that can be programmed to store data for virtually unlimited periods without power

A

Flash Memory

75
Q

other term for flashdrive?

A

Jump drive

76
Q

A _______ costs a lot less than the total cost of buying its individual packages of prgrams

A

Software suite

77
Q

It can also share common tools such as spell checker and help wizards to increase efficiency

A

Software suite

78
Q

Their programs are designed to work seamlessly and import each other’s files easily, no matter which program you are using at the time

A

Software suite

79
Q

_____ is stored on networked mail servers until you are ready.

A

E-mail

80
Q

It is an e-mail/computer conferencing hybrid technology that has grown so rapidly that it has become a standard method of electronic messaging.

A

Instant Messaging (IM)

81
Q

A _________ is a website of personal or noncommercial origin that uses a dated log format updated daily or very frequently with new information about a particular subject or range of subjects

A

Weblog

82
Q

They are the companies that own, operate, and maintain application software and the computer system resources (servers, system software, networks, and IT personnel) required to offer the use of the application software for a fee as a service over the Internet.

A

Application service providers (ASPs)

83
Q

It is a style of computing in which software, and some cases, virtualized hardware resources are provided as a service over the Internet

A

CLOUD COMPUTING

84
Q

Composed of programs that manage and support a computer system and its information processing activities

A

System Software

85
Q

programs that manage the hardware, software, networks, and data resources of computer systems during the execution of the various information processing jobs of users

A

System Management Programs

86
Q

programs that helps users develop information system programs and procedures and prepare user programs for computer processing

A

System Development Programs

87
Q

integrated system of programs that manages the operations of the CPU, controls the input/output and storage resources and activities of the computer systems, and provides various supports services as the computer executes the application programs of users

A

Operating System

88
Q

Enumeration:

Operating System Functions

A
  • User interface
  • Resource Management
  • Task Management
  • File Management
  • Utilities and support services
89
Q

part of OS that allows you to communicate with it so you can load programs, access files, and accomplish other tasks

A

User Interface

90
Q

Enumeration:

Types of User Interface

A
  • command-driven
  • menu-driven
  • graphical user interface
91
Q

An operating system uses a variety of ________ programs to manage the hardware and networking resources of a computer system, including its CPU, memory, secondary storage devices, telecommunications processors, and input/output peripherals

managing the use of hardware resources

A

Resource Management

92
Q

An operating system contains _______ programs that control the creation, deletion, and access of files of data and programs, may also involves keeping track of physical location of files on magnetic disks and other secondary storage devices

managing data and program files

A

File Management

93
Q

The _______ programs of an OS help accomplish the computing tasks of end users.

managing the accomplishment of tasks

A

Task Management

94
Q

providing a variety of support services

A

Utilities and Support Services

95
Q

is a task management approach that allows several computing tasks to be performed in a seemingly simultaneous fashion

A

Multitasking

96
Q

types of multitasking that the task management functions parcel out CPU time slices to each program

A

Preemptive multitasking

97
Q

types of multitasking that allows each program to control the CPU for as long as it needs

A

Cooperative multitasking

98
Q

for smaller server applications, including file and print sharing, Internet and intranet connectivity, and centralized desktop application deployment

A

Windows Server 2008, Standard Edition

99
Q

for larger business applications, XML Web services, enterprise collaboration, and enterprise network support

A

Windows Server 2008, Enterprise Edition

100
Q

for business-critical and mission-critical applications demanding the highest level of scalability and availability

A

Windows Server 2008, Datacenter Edition

101
Q

for Web serving and hosting, providing a platform for developing and deploying Web services and applications

A

Windows Server 2008, Web Edition

102
Q

the “yellow pages” directory of all Web services and how to locate and use them

A

UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration)

103
Q

XML-based protocol of specifications for connecting applications to the data that they need

A

SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)

104
Q

2 types of Software

A
  • Application Software
  • System Software
105
Q

directs the performance of a particular use, or application, of computers to meet the information processing needs of users

General-purpose application programs performs common information processing jobs for end users

Application-specific programs specifies accomplish information processing tasks that support specific business functions/processes, scientific/engineering applications, and computer applications in society

A

Application Software

106
Q

controls and supports the operations of a computer system as it performs various information processing tasks

manages and supports operations of computer systems and networks

A

System Software

107
Q

major category of system software

they require the use of variety of programming packages to help programmers develop computer programs and language translator programs to convert programming language instructions into machine language instruction codes

A

Programming Langauges

108
Q

general term for various kind of programs used to operate and manipulate computers and their peripherals

A

Software

109
Q

term used to identify software applications that are developed within the organization that writes the program code is also the organization that uses the final software application

A

Custom software

110
Q

is developed with the intention of selling the software in multiple copies

A

COTS (commercial off-the-shelf) software

111
Q

The physical parts of computing devices – those that you can actually touch

A

Hardware

112
Q

encompasses the range of electronic tools, systems, devices and resources used to generate, store or process data

A

Digital Technologies

113
Q

processes electronic signals into discrete values, of which there can be two or more

A

Digital Devices

114
Q

Many electronic devices process signals into two discrete values, typically known as _________

values are represented as either
a one (“on”) or a zero (“off”)

A

Binary

115
Q

a blending of the two words “binary” and “digit”

A

Bit

116
Q

known as a group of eight bits

A

Byte

117
Q

number of bits that can be processed by a computer’s processor at one time

A

Word Size

118
Q

The speed (“clock time”) of a CPU is measured in __________

A

hertz

119
Q

one of the founders of Intel

A

Gordon Moore

120
Q

The number of integrated circuits on a chip doubles every two years.

Has been generalized into the concept that computing power will double every two years for the same price point

A

Moore’s Law

121
Q

A Taiwanese-American billionaire businessman and electrical engineer.

Serves as president and CEO of the Nvidia Corporation, which he co-founded in 1993.

A

Jen-Hsun “Jensen” Huang

122
Q

done by adding an expansion card to the computer that enabled the network connection

A

Network Interface Cards (NIC)

123
Q

exchanges data over short distances of 10 meters up to 100 meters using radio waves.

A

Bluetooth

124
Q

system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs).

A

Integrated Computing

125
Q

the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.

A

Internet of Things (IoT)

Information System (9 decks)

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