Chapter 1: Foundation of IS in Business Flashcards
are playing vital and expanding roles in business.
Information technologies, including Internet-based information systems
can help all kinds of businesses improvement.
Information technology
Major functional areas where Information System is applied
-accounting
-human resource
-operations management
-finance
-marketing
-business
Interconnected set of components used to collect, store, process and transmit data and digital information.
INFORMATION SYSTEM
At its core, it is a collection of hardware, software, data, people and processes that work together to transform raw data into useful information.
INFORMATION SYSTEM
MAJOR AREAS OF
INFORMATION SYSTEM
-Foundation Concepts
-Information Technology
-Business Applications
-Development Processes
-Management Challenges
Fundamental behavioral, technical, business, and managerial concepts about the components and roles of information systems.
Foundation Concepts
Major concepts, developments, and management issues in information technology
Information Technology
The major uses of information systems for the operations, management, and competitive advantage of a business.
Business Applications
How business professionals and information specialists plan, develop, and implement information systems to meet business opportunities
Development Processes
The challenges of effectively and ethically managing information technology at the end-user, enterprise, and global levels of a business.
Management Challenges
THE FUNDAMENTAL ROLES
OF IS IN BUSINESS
- Support of strategies for competitive advantage
- Support of decision making by employees and managers.
- Support of business processes and operations.
can be more generally considered an online exchange of value.
e-business
Internet-like networks - those inside the enterprise
Intranet
have become the primary information technology infrastructure that supports the e-business applications of many companies
The Internet and Internet-like networks - those inside the enterprise (intranet) and between an enterprise and its trading partners (extranet)
Internet-like networks - those inside the enterprise
intranet
Internet-like networks - those between an enterprise and its trading partners
extranet
THESE COMPANIES RELY ON E-BUSINESS APPLICATIONS TO…
a. Reengineer internal business processes,
b. Implement e-commerce systems with their customers and suppliers, and
c. Promote enterprise collaboration among business teams and workgroups
Types of IS
Operations Support System
Management Support System
Produce a variety of information products for internal and external use; however, they do not emphasize the specific information products that can best be used by managers.
OPERATIONS
SUPPORT SYSTEMS
Process data resulting from business
transactions, update operational databases, and produce business
documents.
TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS
Monitor and control Industrial processes.
PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS
Support team, workgroup, and enterprise communications and collaborations
ENTERPRISE COLLABORATION SYSTEMS
Specialized processing systems which are under both operation and management support system
-expert system
-knowledge management system
-strategic information system
-functional business system
When information system applications focus on providing information and support for effective decision making by managers
MANAGEMENT
SUPPORT SYSTEMS
Systems under operations support system
-TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS
-PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS
-ENTERPRISE COLLABORATION SYSTEMS
Systems under management support system
-MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
-DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
-EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Provide information in the form of pre-specified reports and displays to support business decision making.
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Provide interactive support for the decision-making processes of managers and other business professionals.
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
Provide critical information from MIS, DSS, and other sources tailored to the information needs of executives.
EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Knowledge-based systems that provide expert advice and act as expert consultants to users.
EXPERT SYSTEMS
Knowledge-based systems that support the creations, organization, and dissemination of busines knowledge within the enterprise
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Support a variety of operational and managerial applications of the basic business functions of a company.
FUNCTIONAL BUSINESS SYSTEMS
Support operations or management processes that provide a firm with strategic products, services, and capabilities for competitive advantage.
STRATEGIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS
The success of an information system should be measured by..
efficiency and effectiveness
System concepts help us understand…
- TECHNOLOGY
* APPLICATION
* DEVELOPMENT
* MANAGEMENT
Computer networks are systems of information processing components that use a variety of hardware, software, data management, and telecommunications network technologies.
TECHNOLOGY
E-business and e-commerce applications involve interconnected business information systems.
APPLICATIONS
Developing ways to use information technology in business includes designing the basic components of information systems.
DEVELOPMENT
Managing information technology emphasizes the quality, strategic business value, and security of an organization’s information systems
MANAGEMENT
are systems of information processing components that use a variety of hardware, software, data management, and telecommunications network technologies.
Computer networks
applications involve interconnected business information systems.
E-business and e-commerce
emphasizes the quality, strategic business value, and security of an organization’s information systems
Managing information technology
TECHNOLOGY:
APPLICATIONS:
DEVELOPMENT:
MANAGEMENT:
:Computer networks
:E-business and e-commerce
:designing the basic components of IS
:Managing information technology
A __ is defined as a set of interrelated components, with a clearly defined boundary, working together to achieve a common set of objectives by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process
system
Systems have three basic functions:
Input
Process
Output
involves capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed.
Input
involves transformation processes that convert input into output
Processing
involves transferring elements that have been produced by a transformation process to their ultimate destination.
Output
a self-monitoring, self-regulating system.
CYBERNETIC SYSTEM
The system concept becomes even more useful by including two additional elements:
feedback and control
A system with feedback and control functions is sometimes called a..
CYBERNETIC SYSTEM
is data about the performance of a system
feedback
involves monitoring and evaluating feedback to determine whether a system is moving toward the achievement of its goal.
control
It’s inspired by how living organisms and machines can adjust and control their actions based on information they receive about their performance.
Cybernetic System
tof. Most system exists in a vacuum
False
tof. system exists and functions in an environment containing other systems
True
If a system is one of the components of a larger system, it is a _____, and the larger system is its _____.
subsystem, environment
tof. Several systems may share the same environment
True
tof. Some of the systems that shares environment should not be connected to one another by any means
False
A system that has the ability to change itself or its environment to survive is an …
adaptive system
Information systems are made up of interrelated components:
People, hardware, software, peripherals, and networks.
They have clearly defined boundaries:
Functions, modules, type of application, department, or end-user group.
tof. Information systems make extensive use of feedback and control to improve their effectiveness:
True
All the interrelated components work together to achieve a common goal by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process:
Using raw materials, hiring new people, manufacturing products for sale, and
disseminating information to others.
tof. Many information systems are designed to change in relation to their environments and are adaptive
True
information system consists of five major resources:
PEOPLE
SOFTWARE
HARDWARE
DATA
NETWORKS
are the essential ingredient for the successful operation of all information
systems.
people
people resources include ….
end users and IS specialists
People who use an information system or the information it produces.
End users (also called users or clients)
are people who develop and operate information systems.
IS specialists
includes all physical devices and materials used in information processing.
HARDWARE RESOURCES
EXAMPLE OF HARDWARE RESOURCES
a. Computer systems
b. Computer peripherals
includes all sets of information processing instructions
SOFTWARE RESOURCES
The following are examples of software resources:
a. System software
b. Application software
c. Procedures
are the lifeblood of today’s organizations, and the effective and efficient management of it is considered an integral part of organizational strategy.
Data or Data Resource
Data can take many forms:
a. Alphanumeric data
b. Text data
c. Image data
d. Audio data
raw facts or observations, typically about physical phenomena or business transactions
Data
data that have been converted into a meaningful and useful context for specific end users.
information
emphasizes that communications technologies and networks are fundamental resource components of all information systems.
Network Resources
network source include…
-Communications media
-Network Infrastructure
refers to the physical or virtual channels through which information is transmitted from one place to another.
Communications media
refers to the hardware and software that enable network connectivity and communication between users, devices, apps, internet and etc.
Network Infrastructure
INFORMATION SYSTEM ACTIVITIES
- INPUT OF DATA RESOURCES
- PROCESSING OF DATA INTO INFORMATION
- OUTPUT OF INFORMATION PRODUCTS
- STORAGE OF DATA RESOURCES
- CONTROL OF SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
____ is the information system activity in which data are retained in an organized manner for later use.
Storage
Data about business transactions and other events must be captured and prepared for processing by the input activity.
INPUT OF DATA RESOURCES
Data are typically subjected to processing activities, such as calculating, comparing, sorting, classifying, and summarizing.
PROCESSING OF DATA INTO INFORMATION
Information in various forms is transmitted to end users and made available to them in the output activity.
OUTPUT OF INFORMATION PRODUCTS
Storage is the information system activity in which data are retained in an organized manner for later use
STORAGE OF DATA RESOURCES
An information system should produce feedback about its input, processing, output, and storage activities.
CONTROL OF SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
As a business professional, we should be able to recognize the fundamental components of information systems we encounter in the real world. This demand means that we should be able to identify:
- The people, hardware, software, data, and network resources they use.
- The types of information products they produce.
- The way they perform input, processing, output, storage, and control activities about its input, processing, output, and storage activities.
