Chapter 3: Comm And Perception

Question 1

Perception

Answer 1

Process of experiencing the world and making sense out of what you experience

Question 2

Interpersonal perception

Answer 2

Process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting your observations of other people

Question 3

Passive perception

Answer 3

Perception that occurs without conscious effort, simply in response to ones surroundings.

Question 4

Active perception

Answer 4

Perception that occurs because you seek out specific info through intentional observation and questioning

Question 5

Selective perception

Answer 5

Process of seeing, hearing, or making sense of the world around us based on such factors as our personality, beliefs, attitudes, hopes, fears, and culture

Question 6

Selective attention

Answer 6

Process of focusing on specific stimuli, locking on to some things in the environment and ignoring others

Question 7

Selective exposure

Answer 7

Tendency to put ourselves in situations that reinforce our attitudes, beliefs, values, or behaviors.

Question 8

Selective recall

Answer 8

Process that occurs when we remember things we want to remember and forget or repress things that are unpleasant, uncomfortable, or unimportant to us.

Question 9

Thin slicing

Answer 9

Observing as small sample of someone’s behavior and then making a generalization about what the person is like, based on the sample

Question 10

Cognition schema

Answer 10

A mental framework used to organize and categorize human experiences

Question 11

Superimpose

Answer 11

To place a familiar structure on information you select

Question 12

Punctuation

Answer 12

Process of making sense out of stimuli by grouping, dividing, organizing, separating, and categorizing info.

Question 13

Closure

Answer 13

Process of filling in missing information or gaps in what we perceive

Question 14

What is the interpersonal perception process?

Answer 14

Selecting, organizing, interpreting

Question 15

Selecting

Answer 15

We select certain sensations on which to focus awareness

Question 16

Organizing

Answer 16

We assemble stimuli into convenient and efficient patterns

Question 17

Interpreting

Answer 17

We assign meaning to what we have observed

Question 18

Impressions

Answer 18

Collection of perceptions about others that you maintain and use to interpret their behaviors

Question 19

Construct

Answer 19

Bipolar quality or continuum used to classify people

Question 20

Primacy effect

Answer 20

Tendency to attend to the first pieces of info observed about another person in order to form an impression

Question 21

Predicted outcome value theory (POV)

Answer 21

People predict the future of a relationship based on how they size up someone during their first interaction

Question 22

Recency effect

Answer 22

Tendency to attend to the most recent information observed about another person in order to form or modify an impression

Question 23

Halo effect

Answer 23

Attributing positive qualities to those you like

Question 24

Horn effect

Answer 24

Attributing negative qualities to those you dislike

Question 25

Culture

Answer 25

Learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values, and norms shared by a group of people

Question 26

Stereotype

Answer 26

To place a person or group of persons into an inflexible, all-encompassing category

Question 27

Impression formation theory

Answer 27

We form general impressions of others based on general physical qualities, behaviors, and disclosed information. Categorizing as nice, friendly, shy or handsome

Question 28

Predicted outcome value theory

Answer 28

We make predictions about the future of a relationship based on early information we learn.

Question 29

Implicit personality theory

Answer 29

We use a personal set of assumptions to draw specific conclusions about someone's personality

Question 30

Attribution theory

Answer 30

We develop reasons to explain the behaviors of others

Question 31

Casual attribution theory

Answer 31

We ascribe a persons actions to circumstance, a stimulus, on the person himself or herself

Question 32

Standpoint theory

Answer 32

We interpret the behavior of others through the lens of our own social position, power, or cultural background

Question 33

Intercultural communication theory

Answer 33

Our cultural experiences and backgrounds influence how we view the world.

Question 34

Self-serving bias

Answer 34

Tendency to perceive our own behavior as more positive than others behavior

Question 35

What are the barriers to accurate interpersonal perception?

Answer 35

``` Stereotyping Ignoring information Imposing consistency Focusing on the negative Blaming others by assuming they have control Avoid responsibility ```

Question 36

Mindful

Answer 36

Being conscious of what you are doing, thinking, and sensing at any given moment

Question 37

Indirect perception checking

Answer 37

Seeking through passive perception, such as observing and listening, additional information to confirm or refute interpretations you are making

Question 38

Direct perception checking

Answer 38

Asking for confirmation from the observed person of an interpretation or a perception about him or her