Chapter 3: Comm And Perception Flashcards

1
Q

Perception

A

Process of experiencing the world and making sense out of what you experience

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2
Q

Interpersonal perception

A

Process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting your observations of other people

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3
Q

Passive perception

A

Perception that occurs without conscious effort, simply in response to ones surroundings.

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4
Q

Active perception

A

Perception that occurs because you seek out specific info through intentional observation and questioning

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5
Q

Selective perception

A

Process of seeing, hearing, or making sense of the world around us based on such factors as our personality, beliefs, attitudes, hopes, fears, and culture

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6
Q

Selective attention

A

Process of focusing on specific stimuli, locking on to some things in the environment and ignoring others

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7
Q

Selective exposure

A

Tendency to put ourselves in situations that reinforce our attitudes, beliefs, values, or behaviors.

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8
Q

Selective recall

A

Process that occurs when we remember things we want to remember and forget or repress things that are unpleasant, uncomfortable, or unimportant to us.

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9
Q

Thin slicing

A

Observing as small sample of someone’s behavior and then making a generalization about what the person is like, based on the sample

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10
Q

Cognition schema

A

A mental framework used to organize and categorize human experiences

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11
Q

Superimpose

A

To place a familiar structure on information you select

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12
Q

Punctuation

A

Process of making sense out of stimuli by grouping, dividing, organizing, separating, and categorizing info.

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13
Q

Closure

A

Process of filling in missing information or gaps in what we perceive

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14
Q

What is the interpersonal perception process?

A

Selecting, organizing, interpreting

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15
Q

Selecting

A

We select certain sensations on which to focus awareness

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16
Q

Organizing

A

We assemble stimuli into convenient and efficient patterns

17
Q

Interpreting

A

We assign meaning to what we have observed

18
Q

Impressions

A

Collection of perceptions about others that you maintain and use to interpret their behaviors

19
Q

Construct

A

Bipolar quality or continuum used to classify people

20
Q

Primacy effect

A

Tendency to attend to the first pieces of info observed about another person in order to form an impression

21
Q

Predicted outcome value theory (POV)

A

People predict the future of a relationship based on how they size up someone during their first interaction

22
Q

Recency effect

A

Tendency to attend to the most recent information observed about another person in order to form or modify an impression

23
Q

Halo effect

A

Attributing positive qualities to those you like

24
Q

Horn effect

A

Attributing negative qualities to those you dislike

25
Culture
Learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values, and norms shared by a group of people
26
Stereotype
To place a person or group of persons into an inflexible, all-encompassing category
27
Impression formation theory
We form general impressions of others based on general physical qualities, behaviors, and disclosed information. Categorizing as nice, friendly, shy or handsome
28
Predicted outcome value theory
We make predictions about the future of a relationship based on early information we learn.
29
Implicit personality theory
We use a personal set of assumptions to draw specific conclusions about someone's personality
30
Attribution theory
We develop reasons to explain the behaviors of others
31
Casual attribution theory
We ascribe a persons actions to circumstance, a stimulus, on the person himself or herself
32
Standpoint theory
We interpret the behavior of others through the lens of our own social position, power, or cultural background
33
Intercultural communication theory
Our cultural experiences and backgrounds influence how we view the world.
34
Self-serving bias
Tendency to perceive our own behavior as more positive than others behavior
35
What are the barriers to accurate interpersonal perception?
``` Stereotyping Ignoring information Imposing consistency Focusing on the negative Blaming others by assuming they have control Avoid responsibility ```
36
Mindful
Being conscious of what you are doing, thinking, and sensing at any given moment
37
Indirect perception checking
Seeking through passive perception, such as observing and listening, additional information to confirm or refute interpretations you are making
38
Direct perception checking
Asking for confirmation from the observed person of an interpretation or a perception about him or her