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ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY > CHAPTER 3: CLINICAL ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS > Flashcards

CHAPTER 3: CLINICAL ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS Flashcards

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1
Q

It is a systematic approach to EVALUATE AND MEASURE psychological disorders

A

Clinical assessment

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2
Q

It is the process of determing disorder using the diagnostic criteria of DSM-5

A

Diagnosis

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3
Q

Two ways to assess psychological disorders

A

Clinical assessment

Diagnosis

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4
Q

What are the three basic concepts to determine the value of clinical assessment

A

Validity, reliability and standardization

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5
Q

It is degree of which the measurement is consistent

A

reliability

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6
Q

It is degree of which the measurement is design to measure

A

Validity

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7
Q

It is the application of certain standards to ensure CONSISTENCY accross different measurement

A

Standardization

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8
Q

What are the 6 strategies for clinical assessment?

A

Clinical interview, MSE, Semistructured Clinical Interview, Physical Examination, Behavioral assessment and Observational assessment

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9
Q

It is the CORE of most clinical work

A

Clinical interview

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10
Q

It is the systematic observation of behavior

A

MSE

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11
Q

It is two or more raters with the same results

A

Interrater reliability

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12
Q

It is two tests with the same result which the briefer one is selected

A

concurrent validity

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13
Q

It is what will happen to future

A

predictive validity

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14
Q

How many categories are there in MSE?

A

5 categories

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15
Q

A category which observed overt behavior, attire, appearance, posture and expressions

A

Appearance and behavior

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16
Q

A category which observed rate of speech, continuity of speech and content of speech

A

Thought process

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17
Q

A category which observed predominant feeling state if the individual, feeling state accompanying individual says

A

Mood and affect

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18
Q

A category which observed type of vocabulary, use of abstractions and metaphors

A

Intellectual functioning

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19
Q

A category which observed awareness of surroundings

“oriented times three”

A

Sensorium

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20
Q

It is the privileged communication

A

Confidentiality

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21
Q

It is the assessment which has the DIRECT observation to formally assess the patients

A

Behavioral assessment

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22
Q

It is assessment which is alternative to arrange the SIMILAR LIFE SITUATION used by the analyst

A

Analogue assessment

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23
Q

Assessment used to observe the ABC

A

Observational assessment

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24
Q

It is the overactive thyroid gland

A

hyperthyroidism

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25
Q

It is the underactive thyroid gland

A

hyporthyroidism

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26
Q

Withdrawal of cocain leads to ___

A

panic attacks

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27
Q

Hyperthyroidism leads to ____.

A

GAD

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28
Q

Hyporthyroidism leads to ____.

A

depression

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29
Q

Tumor leads to____.

A

Delusion/hallucination

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30
Q

Assessment that uses questions that are paraphrased to elicit useful information

A

Semistructured interview

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31
Q

ABC means

A

Antecedent, behavior, Consequences

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32
Q

It is happened before the behavior

A

Antecedent

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33
Q

It is happened after the behavior

A

Consequences

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34
Q

Operational definition

Identify the specific behaviors that are observable and measurable to know the treatment

A

Formal observation

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35
Q

Observer’s recollection and interpretaion of events

A

Informal observation

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36
Q

What are the two tests of psychological test?

A

Projective test and personality test (objective test)

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37
Q

It has ambigous stimuli

A

Projective test

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38
Q

It has straightforward answer

A

Personality test/inventory

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39
Q

Three examples of projective test

A

Sentence completion test, Rosrschach test and TAT

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40
Q

He established the Rorschach

A

Hermann Rorschach

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41
Q

They established the TAT

A

Christiana Morgan and Henry Murray

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42
Q

It has 30 cards, 31 pictures, 1 blank card

A

TAT

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43
Q

It has 10 inkblot pictures

A

Rorschach Inkblot

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44
Q

What are the purpose of TAT and rorschach?

A

Uncover the unconscious mind

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45
Q

Who are the analyst used the projective test?

A

Psychoanalyst

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46
Q

It tells dramatic story about the pictures

A

TAT

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47
Q

It has a straightforward description of the picture

A

Rorschach Inkblot

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48
Q

What is the example of Personality test or inventory?

A

MMPI

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49
Q

What is MMPI

A

MMPI stands for Minnoseta Multiphasic Personality Inventory

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50
Q

What is the disadvantage of MMPI to TAT and Rorschach?

A

Time and long test

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51
Q

It has 500 items of structured test

A

MMPI 1

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52
Q

This version of MMPI for adolescents

A

MMPI - A

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53
Q

It has 567 items of structured test

A

MMPI 2

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54
Q

What is the revised standardized Rorschach Inkblot test?

A

Comprehensive System by John Exner

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55
Q

What are the other versions of TAT?

A

Children Apperception Test (CAT)

Senior Apperception Test (SAT)

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56
Q

What are the revised standardized TAT?

A

Social Cognition Scale and Objection Relation Scale

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57
Q

A test that measures the ability to solve problem and used to know the school performance

A

Intelligence Testing

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58
Q

What are the two examples of Intelligence testing?

A

SBIS or SBIT and WAIS

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59
Q

SBIS was made by?

A

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon

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60
Q

SBIT was made by?

A

Terman

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61
Q

Intelligence test measures the ___.

A

IQ

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62
Q

Formula of IQ Test

A

mental age / chronological age x 100

63
Q

Who made the WAIS?

A

David Weschler

64
Q

What are three version of WISC?

A

WISC III
WISC IV
WPPSI III

65
Q

Weschler’s version for Adult

A

WAIS III

66
Q

Weschler’s version for children

A

WISC IV

67
Q

Weschler’s version for young children

A

WPPSI III

68
Q

5 categories measured by IQ

A

Reasoning, verbal comprehension, attention, perception, memory

69
Q

It is a test which to know the brain dysfunction

A

Neuropsychological test

70
Q

What are the three neuropsychological tests?

A

bender visual motor gestalt test, Luria - Nebreska and Halsted Reitan neuropsychological tests

71
Q

It is a battery test which administer pictures and lines that a child will copy. The more errors will mean the child has brain dysfunction

A

Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test

72
Q

Two battery tests to know the organic brain dysfunction

A

Luria - Nebreska and Halsted Reitan neuropsychological tests

73
Q

It is to test the heart rhythmic beats

A

Rhythmic test

74
Q

It is a test the grip of left and right hand

A

Strength of grip test

75
Q

It is a test of learning and memory

A

Tactile performance test

76
Q

There is a problem but no found difficulty

A

False positive

77
Q

There is no problem but there is difficulty

A

False negative

78
Q

It is a testing which to see the brain structure and brain functioning

A

Neuroimaging techniques

79
Q

What are the two brain structure tests?

A

CT Scan and MRI

80
Q

It used to locate abnormalities in the shape/structure of the brain
It has risk to the person due to radioactivity

A

CT Scan

81
Q

A head of a person is placed in magnetic field through radio frequency signals.
It is more expensive.

A

MRI

82
Q

It is the most sophisticated MRI that is used for onlu milliseconds

A

fMRI

83
Q

It is the mosyt common fMRi technique to study the psychological disorders

A

Bold fMRI

84
Q

What are the two brain functioning tests?

A

PET scan and SPECT scan

85
Q

It is injected with traces attached to radioactive isotopes, or group of atoms.
It shows the precise active areas of the brain

A

PET scan

86
Q

It is less accurate, less expensive but mostly used form than PET scan

A

SPECT scan

87
Q

It is a test which assess the measurable changes in NS that reflects the emotional and psychological events

A

Psychophysiological assessment

88
Q

It is used to measure the electrical activity in the brain

A

EEG

89
Q

It is the calm and relaxed stage of sleeping waves.

The regular pattern of changes in voltage of the brain

A

Alpha waves

90
Q

It is the most relaxed stage after 1 - 2 hours after sleep

More slower and irregular waves

A

Beta waves

91
Q

Psychopysiological assessment is most useful for?

A

Sexual dysfunctions and disorder

headaches and hypertension

92
Q

It is a technique used to monitor own’s behavior

A

Self-monitoring

93
Q

What are the two kinds of self-monitoring?

A

Checklist and Behavior rating scale

94
Q

It is a phenomenon which a person distort observational data duie to people’s observation

A

Reactivity

95
Q

What are the two test for psychophysiological assessment?

A

EEG and ERP

96
Q

It is known as evoked potential

It is hearing psychologically meaningful events

A

ERP (Evoked Related Events)

97
Q

It measures the sweat gland of the PNS

A

GSR or Galvanic Skin Response

98
Q

PET Scan can used for _____.

A

Alzheimer’s type dementia

99
Q

It is a strategy which a problem is based on a uniquie individuals personality

A

Idiographic strategy

100
Q

It is a strategy which it is a general class of problems

A

nomothetic strategy

101
Q

It is the heart of science

A

Classification

102
Q

The data has same attributes and relations

A

Classification

103
Q

A classification based on scientific context

A

Taxonomy

104
Q

A medical/psychological classification

A

Nosology

105
Q

A label or name of disorder

A

Nomenclature

106
Q

What are the three categorical/dimensional approaches?

A

Classical Categorical approach, Dimensional approach and Prototypical approach

107
Q

This approach is based on biological perspective of emil kraeplin

A

Classical Categorical approach

108
Q

Psychopathologsit believe it that it is the cause of disorder

A

A psychological and social factor integrates with biological factor causes disorder

109
Q

It is an approach which quantify the disorder through scales

A

Dimensional approach

110
Q

A combination of two approaches that characteristics are able to classify

A

Prototypical approach

111
Q

DSM is a kind of what approach?

A

prototypical approach

112
Q

It is the extent of disorder found in patient’s relatives

A

Familial aggression

113
Q

Old name of Schizophrenia

A

Dementia praecox

114
Q

Dementia means

A

deterioration of brain due to old age

115
Q

Praecox means

A

premature

116
Q

Old name of depression

A

Melancholia

117
Q

Old name of bipolar depression

A

manic depressive disorder

118
Q

He discover the schizophrenia

A

Emil kraeplin

119
Q

He termed depression

A

Philippe Pinel

120
Q

PRE WWII:

What happened during 1840?

A

U.S started the stimulus of nosology

121
Q

PRE WWII:

What happened during 1880?

A

7 categories of mental health

Mania, melancholia, Dipsomania, Monomania, paresis, dementia and epilepsy

122
Q

PRE WWII:

What happened during 1917?

A

America Medico of Psychological Association

gather mental health stat accross mental hospitals

123
Q

PRE WWII:

What happened during 1921?

A

Changed to APA

develop nationally acceptable psychiatric clarification for diagnosing severe cases

124
Q

POST WWII:

What happened during 1948?

A

ICD 6
10 categories psychoses and neuopsychoses
7 categories for disorders (behavior, personality and intelligence)

125
Q

POST WWII:

What happened during 1952?

A

DSM I

“reactions” Adolf meyer for psychobiological view

126
Q

POST WWII:

What happened during 1953-1967?

A

Erwin Strengel conductcomprehensive review about alck of mental-disorder listing on ICD 6 and ICD 7

127
Q

POST WWII:

What happened during 1968?

A

DSM II
ICD 8
Eliminates “reactions”

128
Q

POST WWII:

What happened during 1978?

A

ICD 9

published: 1975

129
Q

POST WWII:

What happened during 1980?

A

DSM III

published: 1974

130
Q

POST WWII:

What happened during 1987?

A

DSM III-TR

131
Q

POST WWII:

What happened during 1992?

A

ICD 10

132
Q

POST WWII:

What happened during 1994?

A

DSM IV

aligned to ICD 10

133
Q

POST WWII:

What happened during 2000?

A

DSM IV TR

134
Q

POST WWII:

What happened during 2013?

A

DSM 5

Aligned ICD 11

135
Q

What are the major changes in DSM III and DSM III - TR?

A
  1. Tools of clinicians
  2. Aligned to reliability and validity but not all
  3. Multiaxial system
136
Q

How many axis are there in mutliaxial system?

A

5 axis

137
Q

What are the 5 axis?

A
  1. Clinical disorders
  2. Personality and mental retardation disorders
  3. General Medication conditions
  4. Psychosocial and environmental problems
  5. Global assessement of Functioning (GAF)
138
Q

What are the maor changes in DSM 5?

A
  1. Removed multiaxial system and replaced to 3 sections.
  2. Dimensional approach was extended
  3. Introduces cross-cutting axes for severity, intensity frequency or duration of disorder
139
Q

Wha are the three sections of DSM 5?`

A
  1. About the manual usage
  2. The disorders
  3. Disorders needed for further research
140
Q

What happened to the axis in the DSM 5?

A

Axis I to III - it is the description of the disorders

Axis IV and V - It is for clinicians can make notion

141
Q

It is all symptoms are present but in a midl form

A

Subtreshold

142
Q

It refers to values and practices derive from ethic groups

A

Culture

143
Q

What are the two criticisms of DSM - 5 and ICD 11?

A
  1. It emphasises more on the reliability than validity

2. It should be updated based on the emerging scientific knowledge

144
Q

It is categorizing people

A

Label

145
Q

It is stereotyping negative beliefs of a person

A

Stigma

146
Q

It is a min. no. of criteria to meet the disorder

A

Threshold

147
Q

It describes the group of disorders that shares biological and psychological system or dimensions

A

Spectrum

148
Q

It is the old name of PMDD

A

LLPDD or Late Luteal Phase Dysphoric Disorder

149
Q

The cause of PMDD in DSM III - R

A

Endocrine disorder

150
Q

PMDD is first included in what version of DSM 5? And what part?

A

DSM III - R

Appendix

151
Q

LLPDD changed its name in what version of DSM?

A

DSM IV

152
Q

PMDD is under of what category?

A

Mood disorder

153
Q

Clinics, hospitals are examples of ___

A

Primary care settings

ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY (3 decks)

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