chapter 3- cellular structure and function Flashcards
what is the most powerful microscope
the electron microscope
what limits the cells size
the surface area of the cellular membrane
why do cell have different shapes
they all have different functions
what do all cells have in common
plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes
what is a prokaryote
a cell without a nuecleus
what is a eukaryote
a cell with a nucleus
what is a viruse
a viruse is something that carries DNA but nothing else
what are the parts of the cell
cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, centrioles, mitochondria, golgi body, smooth endplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and lysosome
what is the phospholipid bilayer
it makes up the plasma membrane and is made up of two layers of phospholipids
what are the functions of the cytoplasm
suspending cell organelles, pushing against the plasma membrane to help the cell keep tis shape adn providing a site for many of the biochemical reactions of the cell
what is the cytoskeleton
a thread-like filament and tubules that crisscross the cytoplasm. It gives the cell its structure.
what is the nucleus
the largest organelle in the cell, and contains the DNA of the cell. It is the cells control center.
what is the mitochondria
an organelle that makes energy available to the cell.
what is the endoplasmic reticulum
helps make and transport proteins and lipids
what are ribosomes
small organelles where proteins are made
what is the golgi body
a large organelle that processes proteins and prepares them for use both inside and outside the cell
What are vesicles and vacuoles
sac like organelles that store and transport materials in the cell
what are centrioles
are organelles involved in cell division
what is a cell wall
a rigid layer that surrounds the plasma membrane of the plant cell
what is the central vacuole
this vacuole cna make up as much as ninty percent of the cell’s volume
what are chloroplasts
plastids that contain the green pigment chlorophyll
what is passive transport
when substances cross the plasma membrane withour any input of energy from the cell, the different types are simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion
simple diffusion
movement of a substance across a membrane due to a difference in concentration, without any help from other molecules
osmosis
the diffusion of water molecules across a membrane
facilitated diffusion
diffusion with the help of transport proteins, such as channel proteins and carrier proteins
active transport
when energy is needed for a substance to move across a plasma membrane
what is a sodium potassium pump
this is an active transport, here sodium ions are pumped out adn potassium ion are pumped into the cell
endocytosis
the type of vesicle transport that moves a substance into the cell
exocytosis
a vesicle transport that moves a substance out of the cell
what does the cell theory state
all organisms are made up of one or more cells, all thelife functins of organisms occur within cells, and all cell come from already existing cells
