chapter 3- cellular structure and function

Question 1

what is the most powerful microscope

Answer 1

the electron microscope

Question 2

what limits the cells size

Answer 2

the surface area of the cellular membrane

Question 3

why do cell have different shapes

Answer 3

they all have different functions

Question 4

what do all cells have in common

Answer 4

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes

Question 5

what is a prokaryote

Answer 5

a cell without a nuecleus

Question 6

what is a eukaryote

Answer 6

a cell with a nucleus

Question 7

what is a viruse

Answer 7

a viruse is something that carries DNA but nothing else

Question 8

what are the parts of the cell

Answer 8

cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, centrioles, mitochondria, golgi body, smooth endplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and lysosome

Question 9

what is the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 9

it makes up the plasma membrane and is made up of two layers of phospholipids

Question 10

what are the functions of the cytoplasm

Answer 10

suspending cell organelles, pushing against the plasma membrane to help the cell keep tis shape adn providing a site for many of the biochemical reactions of the cell

Question 11

what is the cytoskeleton

Answer 11

a thread-like filament and tubules that crisscross the cytoplasm. It gives the cell its structure.

Question 12

what is the nucleus

Answer 12

the largest organelle in the cell, and contains the DNA of the cell. It is the cells control center.

Question 13

what is the mitochondria

Answer 13

an organelle that makes energy available to the cell.

Question 14

what is the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 14

helps make and transport proteins and lipids

Question 15

what are ribosomes

Answer 15

small organelles where proteins are made

Question 16

what is the golgi body

Answer 16

a large organelle that processes proteins and prepares them for use both inside and outside the cell

Question 17

What are vesicles and vacuoles

Answer 17

sac like organelles that store and transport materials in the cell

Question 18

what are centrioles

Answer 18

are organelles involved in cell division

Question 19

what is a cell wall

Answer 19

a rigid layer that surrounds the plasma membrane of the plant cell

Question 20

what is the central vacuole

Answer 20

this vacuole cna make up as much as ninty percent of the cell’s volume

Question 21

what are chloroplasts

Answer 21

plastids that contain the green pigment chlorophyll

Question 22

what is passive transport

Answer 22

when substances cross the plasma membrane withour any input of energy from the cell, the different types are simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion

Question 23

simple diffusion

Answer 23

movement of a substance across a membrane due to a difference in concentration, without any help from other molecules

Question 24

osmosis

Answer 24

the diffusion of water molecules across a membrane

Question 25

facilitated diffusion

Answer 25

diffusion with the help of transport proteins, such as channel proteins and carrier proteins

Question 26

active transport

Answer 26

when energy is needed for a substance to move across a plasma membrane

Question 27

what is a sodium potassium pump

Answer 27

this is an active transport, here sodium ions are pumped out adn potassium ion are pumped into the cell

Question 28

endocytosis

Answer 28

the type of vesicle transport that moves a substance into the cell

Question 29

exocytosis

Answer 29

a vesicle transport that moves a substance out of the cell

Question 30

what does the cell theory state

Answer 30

all organisms are made up of one or more cells, all thelife functins of organisms occur within cells, and all cell come from already existing cells