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Biology > chapter 2- the chemistry of life > Flashcards

chapter 2- the chemistry of life Flashcards

1
Q

what is an element

A

a pure substance

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2
Q

what is a compound

A

a substance that consists of two or more elements

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3
Q

what is a chemical bond

A

a force that hold molecules together

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4
Q

what is a chemical reaction

A

a process that changes some chemical substances into others

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5
Q

what are organic compounds

A

make up the cells and other structers of organisms and carry out life processes.

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6
Q

what are the four organic compounds

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

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7
Q

what is a carbohydrate

A

an organic compound such as sugar or starch and is used to store energy

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8
Q

what is monosaccharide

A

a simple sugar such as fructose or glucose

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9
Q

polysaccharide

A

a complex carbohydrate that forms when simple sugars bind together in a chain

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10
Q

what is a lipid

A

an organic compound such as fat or oil

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11
Q

what is a saturated fatty acid

A

carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible

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12
Q

what is an unsaturated fatty acid

A

some carbon atoms are not bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible

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13
Q

what is a protein

A

an organic compound made up of small molecules called amino acids

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14
Q

what is a hemoglobin

A

a hemoglobin allows the blood to carry oxygen from the lungs to cells throughout the body

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15
Q

what is a nucleic acid

A

an organic compound, such as DNA or RNA, that is built of small units called nucleotides

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16
Q

what is a reactant

A

a substance that starts a chemical reaction

17
Q

what is a product

A

a substance that is formed as a result of the chemical reaction

18
Q

what is a chemical equation

A

represents a chemical reaction in the form of an equation

19
Q

what is an exothermic reaction

A

a chemical reaction that releases energy as heat

20
Q

what is an endothermic reaction

A

a chemical reaction that absorbs energy

21
Q

what is activation energy

A

the energy need to start a chemical reaction

22
Q

what is a biochemical reaction

A

chemical reaction that take place inside the cells of living things

23
Q

what is metabolism

A

it is both endothermic and exothermic reactions

24
Q

what is a catabolic reaction

A

the breakdown of glucose, which releases energy that cells need to carry out life processes

25
Q

what is an anabolic reaction

A

a reaction that builds up bigger molecuoles from smaller ones

26
Q

what do enzymes do

A

enzymes speed up the process of biochemical reactions

27
Q

what is polarity in a molecule

A

when one end of the molecule is negative and the other is positive

28
Q

what is a hydrogen bond

A

a bond that forms between molecules

29
Q

what is a solution

A

a mixture of two or more substances that has the same composition throughout

30
Q

What is The pH scale used for

A

to measure the acidity of something

31
Q

what is an acid

A

a solution that has a pH lower than 7

32
Q

what is a base

A

a solution with a pH higher than 7

33
Q

why is water essential in life

A

water is involved in most biochemical reactions

34
Q

what is matter

A

anything that that takes up space and mass

Biology (5 decks)

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