chapter 2- the chemistry of life

Question 1

what is an element

Answer 1

a pure substance

Question 2

what is a compound

Answer 2

a substance that consists of two or more elements

Question 3

what is a chemical bond

Answer 3

a force that hold molecules together

Question 4

what is a chemical reaction

Answer 4

a process that changes some chemical substances into others

Question 5

what are organic compounds

Answer 5

make up the cells and other structers of organisms and carry out life processes.

Question 6

what are the four organic compounds

Answer 6

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 7

what is a carbohydrate

Answer 7

an organic compound such as sugar or starch and is used to store energy

Question 8

what is monosaccharide

Answer 8

a simple sugar such as fructose or glucose

Question 9

polysaccharide

Answer 9

a complex carbohydrate that forms when simple sugars bind together in a chain

Question 10

what is a lipid

Answer 10

an organic compound such as fat or oil

Question 11

what is a saturated fatty acid

Answer 11

carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible

Question 12

what is an unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 12

some carbon atoms are not bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible

Question 13

what is a protein

Answer 13

an organic compound made up of small molecules called amino acids

Question 14

what is a hemoglobin

Answer 14

a hemoglobin allows the blood to carry oxygen from the lungs to cells throughout the body

Question 15

what is a nucleic acid

Answer 15

an organic compound, such as DNA or RNA, that is built of small units called nucleotides

Question 16

what is a reactant

Answer 16

a substance that starts a chemical reaction

Question 17

what is a product

Answer 17

a substance that is formed as a result of the chemical reaction

Question 18

what is a chemical equation

Answer 18

represents a chemical reaction in the form of an equation

Question 19

what is an exothermic reaction

Answer 19

a chemical reaction that releases energy as heat

Question 20

what is an endothermic reaction

Answer 20

a chemical reaction that absorbs energy

Question 21

what is activation energy

Answer 21

the energy need to start a chemical reaction

Question 22

what is a biochemical reaction

Answer 22

chemical reaction that take place inside the cells of living things

Question 23

what is metabolism

Answer 23

it is both endothermic and exothermic reactions

Question 24

what is a catabolic reaction

Answer 24

the breakdown of glucose, which releases energy that cells need to carry out life processes

Question 25

what is an anabolic reaction

Answer 25

a reaction that builds up bigger molecuoles from smaller ones

Question 26

what do enzymes do

Answer 26

enzymes speed up the process of biochemical reactions

Question 27

what is polarity in a molecule

Answer 27

when one end of the molecule is negative and the other is positive

Question 28

what is a hydrogen bond

Answer 28

a bond that forms between molecules

Question 29

what is a solution

Answer 29

a mixture of two or more substances that has the same composition throughout

Question 30

What is The pH scale used for

Answer 30

to measure the acidity of something

Question 31

what is an acid

Answer 31

a solution that has a pH lower than 7

Question 32

what is a base

Answer 32

a solution with a pH higher than 7

Question 33

why is water essential in life

Answer 33

water is involved in most biochemical reactions

Question 34

what is matter

Answer 34

anything that that takes up space and mass