Chapter 3: Cellular Level of Organization Flashcards
(65 cards)
What does it mean for the plasma membrane to be selectively permeable?
It regulates the flow of material into and out of cells.
What does the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane consist of?
- Polar phosphate groups that face the ECF and ICF
- nonpolar fatty acid tails which face each other in the center of the membrane
- glycolipids on the outside surface
- cholesterol within the phospholipids
Define diffusion.
The movement of ions from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached (may or may not occur across a membrane)
What are the 3 types of passive transport.
1) simple diffusion
2) facilitated diffusion
3) osmosis
Define simple diffusion.
Nonpolar and lipid soluble substances diffuse directly through the plasma membrane
Which type of diffusion allows for transport through a channel-mediated and/or career-mediated transports?
Facilitated diffusion
Define osmosis.
The net movement of water molecules from an area of high water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane to an area of lower water concentration
____ refers to the total concentration of all solute particles in a solution.
Osmolarity
_____ is a measure of the ability of a solution to promote osmotic flow water and alter a cell’s volume
Tonicity
0.9% salt is ____ to RBC.
Isotonic.
Hypertonic solutions to RBC will ____ the cell. This is called _____.
Shrink/shrivel. Cremation.
Hemolysis of RBC is caused by _____ solutions.
Hypotonic solutions.
10% salt solution is ______ to water.
Hypertonic.
Distilled water is ______to RBCs.
Hypotonic.
What are the 3 types of active tranport?
- Primary active transport
- Secondary active transport
- Vesicular transport
Which process moves materials no the call by forming a protein-coated vesicle?
Endocytosis.
What are the 3 types of endocytosis?
1) phagocytosis
2) pinocytosis
3) receptor-mediated endocytosis
Explain the process of exocytosis.
Moves a packaged vesicle out of the cell by fusing wth the cell membrane and releasing its contents to the extracellular fluid (hormone, mucus, neurotrasnmitter)
What is the fluid surrounding the organelles of a cell?
Cytosol
“Specialized structures that have specific functions necessary for the life of the cell: define what?
Organelles.
Centrosome =
A pair of centrioles. They are always located near the nucleus.
What are the functions of centrosomes?
Directs the formation of the mitosis spindle fibres and microtubules.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Involved in protein synthesis.
What do Ribosomes on RER do?
Synthesize proteins for use in plasma membrane andfor export from cells and use for lysosomes.
