Chapter 2: Chemical Level of Organization Flashcards
Molecules consist of:
2 of the same ataoms bonded together
What is a compound consisted of?
A compound is a substance formed when 2 or more atoms of different elements bind
Which type of chemical bond transfers electrons between atoms to become stable?
Ionic bonds
________ bonds share electrons to become stable.
Covalent
What do Inorganic compounds include?
Water, salts, acids, and bases
Which type of compounds always include carbon?
Organic compounds
Lists the important properties of water.
- acts as a solvent
- involved in chemical reactions
- has unique thermal properties
- components of mucus and other lubricating fluids bag
Electrolytes have the ability to:
Conduct electrical current in a solution
What is the main intel pH level of blood?
7.35-7.45 pH
Do strong acids and bases dissociate in water more than weak acids and bases?
Yes. Strong acids and bases dsisociate completely in water where weak ones do not have as much affect.
_________ includes sugars, glycogen, starches and cellulose.
Carbohydrates.
What are the 3 classifications of carbs? What are they classified based on?
Classified based on the # of sugar units (size)
1) Monosaccarides
2) disaccharides
3) polysaccharides
What type of chemical reaction joins monomers together and releases H20 moleecules with each bond formed?
Dehydration synthesis.
What happens in a hydration reaction?
Decreases a molecule and adds a H2O molecule to each bond t at is broken
An acid has a pH level between _____. And has a high amount of ____ ions.
Less than 7, hydrogen ions.
What are the classifications of lipids?
Triglycerides, phospholipids and steroids.
Atomic number = ?
of protons of an element
The # of protons plus the number of neutrons is the ______ of an element.
Atomic mass
State the masses of the 3 subatomic particles.
Mass of proton = 1 atomic mass unit
Mass of neutron = 1 amu
Mass of electron = 0 amu
What is an isotope?
An isotope of a certain element has the same # of protons but the # of neutrons varies thus mass number will differ
What are the two models of atomic structure used?
Orbital model
Planetary model
What are hydrogen bonds?
Formed when a hydrogen atom with a partial positive change attracts the partial negative charge of a nearby electronegative atom . Usually formed between different parts of large molecules.
When do chemical reactions occur?
Chemical actions occcur when bonds between atoms are formed, broken or rearranged
Are chemical reactions reversible?
Yes. Energy is just needed to start reactions `
Explain the 2 types of energy.
1) Potential energy: energy stored by matter due to its position
2) Kinetic energy: energy associated with matter in motion
Catalysts are enzymes? True or false.
True
What is the fucntion of catalysts?
To speed up reaction rates by lower the activation energy.
Explain a synthesis reaction.
2 or more substances for a larger molecule, enderginuc (energy using)
Explain what type of reaction this is. A larger molecule is broken down into smaller molecules and releases energy.
Decomposition reaction
Explain an oxidation-reduction reaction.
Decomposition reactions which produce ATP from old molecules and electrons are transferred between atoms and molecules
Which type of reaction involves decomposition adn synthesis? What happens to the reactants?
Exchange reactions.
Parts of 2 different molecules trade positions with one another
What influences the speed of chemical reactions?
-increased temperature increases speed
-increase in concentration of reactants increase collision of particles
Crease in particle size increases molecule speeed
-prescience of a catalyst increases the reaction rate
What do organic compounds include?
Carbs, lipids, proteins, nuclei acids
What are the 3 kinds of lipids?
Triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids
Nuclei acids are composed of what substances?
C H O N P
What are the 2 types of nucleic acids?
1) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
2) Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
