Chapter 2: Chemical Level of Organization

Question 1

Molecules consist of:

Answer 1

2 of the same ataoms bonded together

Question 2

What is a compound consisted of?

Answer 2

A compound is a substance formed when 2 or more atoms of different elements bind

Question 3

Which type of chemical bond transfers electrons between atoms to become stable?

Answer 3

Ionic bonds

Question 4

________ bonds share electrons to become stable.

Answer 4

Covalent

Question 5

What do Inorganic compounds include?

Answer 5

Water, salts, acids, and bases

Question 6

Which type of compounds always include carbon?

Answer 6

Organic compounds

Question 7

Lists the important properties of water.

Answer 7

• acts as a solvent
• involved in chemical reactions
• has unique thermal properties
• components of mucus and other lubricating fluids bag

Question 8

Electrolytes have the ability to:

Answer 8

Conduct electrical current in a solution

Question 9

What is the main intel pH level of blood?

Answer 9

7.35-7.45 pH

Question 10

Do strong acids and bases dissociate in water more than weak acids and bases?

Answer 10

Yes. Strong acids and bases dsisociate completely in water where weak ones do not have as much affect.

Question 11

_________ includes sugars, glycogen, starches and cellulose.

Answer 11

Carbohydrates.

Question 12

What are the 3 classifications of carbs? What are they classified based on?

Answer 12

Classified based on the # of sugar units (size)

1) Monosaccarides
2) disaccharides
3) polysaccharides

Question 13

What type of chemical reaction joins monomers together and releases H20 moleecules with each bond formed?

Answer 13

Dehydration synthesis.

Question 14

What happens in a hydration reaction?

Answer 14

Decreases a molecule and adds a H2O molecule to each bond t at is broken

Question 15

An acid has a pH level between _____. And has a high amount of ____ ions.

Answer 15

Less than 7, hydrogen ions.

Question 16

What are the classifications of lipids?

Answer 16

Triglycerides, phospholipids and steroids.

Question 17

Atomic number = ?

Answer 17

of protons of an element

Question 18

The # of protons plus the number of neutrons is the ______ of an element.

Answer 18

Atomic mass

Question 19

State the masses of the 3 subatomic particles.

Answer 19

Mass of proton = 1 atomic mass unit
Mass of neutron = 1 amu
Mass of electron = 0 amu

Question 20

What is an isotope?

Answer 20

An isotope of a certain element has the same # of protons but the # of neutrons varies thus mass number will differ

Question 21

What are the two models of atomic structure used?

Answer 21

Orbital model

Planetary model

Question 22

What are hydrogen bonds?

Answer 22

Formed when a hydrogen atom with a partial positive change attracts the partial negative charge of a nearby electronegative atom . Usually formed between different parts of large molecules.

Question 23

When do chemical reactions occur?

Answer 23

Chemical actions occcur when bonds between atoms are formed, broken or rearranged

Question 24

Are chemical reactions reversible?

Answer 24

Yes. Energy is just needed to start reactions `

Question 25

Explain the 2 types of energy.

Answer 25

1) Potential energy: energy stored by matter due to its position
2) Kinetic energy: energy associated with matter in motion

Question 26

Catalysts are enzymes? True or false.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What is the fucntion of catalysts?

Answer 27

To speed up reaction rates by lower the activation energy.

Question 28

Explain a synthesis reaction.

Answer 28

2 or more substances for a larger molecule, enderginuc (energy using)

Question 29

Explain what type of reaction this is. A larger molecule is broken down into smaller molecules and releases energy.

Answer 29

Decomposition reaction

Question 30

Explain an oxidation-reduction reaction.

Answer 30

Decomposition reactions which produce ATP from old molecules and electrons are transferred between atoms and molecules

Question 31

Which type of reaction involves decomposition adn synthesis? What happens to the reactants?

Answer 31

Exchange reactions.

Parts of 2 different molecules trade positions with one another

Question 32

What influences the speed of chemical reactions?

Answer 32

-increased temperature increases speed
-increase in concentration of reactants increase collision of particles
Crease in particle size increases molecule speeed
-prescience of a catalyst increases the reaction rate

Question 33

What do organic compounds include?

Answer 33

Carbs, lipids, proteins, nuclei acids

Question 34

What are the 3 kinds of lipids?

Answer 34

Triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids

Question 35

Nuclei acids are composed of what substances?

Answer 35

C H O N P

Question 36

What are the 2 types of nucleic acids?

Answer 36

1) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

2) Ribonucleic acid (RNA)