Chapter 3: Cellular Level of Organization Flashcards
Diffusion of a substance across the cell membrane is influenced by all of the following, except
a. the charge of a substance
b. the concentration gradient of a substance
c. the lipid solubility of the substance
d. the presence of the membrane channels
e. hydrolysis of ATP
e. hydrolysis of ATP
What are the primary functions of plasma membrane proteins? Plasma membrane proteins serve as ________
*select correct answer(s)
a. ribosomes
b. mitochrondrial enzymes
c. intercellular connectors
d. channels
e. receptors
f. carriers
g. enzymes
h. recognition markers
i. DNA folding proteins
c, d, e, f, g, h
Which mechanism of transport is always passive?
*select all correct answer(s)
a. filtration
b. carrier-mediated
c. ion pump
d. vesicular transport
e. diffusion
a, e
filtration, diffusion
If red blood cells are put in _____ solution they will swell and burst
a. hypertonic
b. osmotic
c. none of these answers are correct
d. isotonic
e. hypotonic
e. hypotonic
Diffusion is important in body fluids, because it tends to _______
a. eliminate local concentration gradients
b. increase local concentration gradients
c. create concentration gradients
d. move substances against concentration gradients
a. eliminate local concentration gradients
The process that transports solid objects such as bacteria, cell debris, and apoptotic bodies into the cell called
a. pinocytosis
b. channel-mediated transport
c. exocytosis
d. phagocytosis
e. receptor-mediated endocytosis
d. phagocytosis
Water molecules and small ions enter a cell through
a. integral protein channels
b. protein receptors
c. lipid channels
d. peripheral proteins
e. defects in the lipid layer of the membrane
a. integral protein channels
An integral protein is a _________ protein
a. hormone
b. transmembrane
c. channel
d. peripheral
e. scaffolding
b. transmembrane
Which factors influence diffusion rates?
*select correct answer(s)
a. state of matter (gas, solid, liquid)
b. steepness of concentration gradient
c. temperature
d. presence of flagella
e. electrical forces
f. molecule size
g. molecule solubility
a, b, c, e, f, g
The movement of water across a membrane from an area of high solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration is known as
a. filtration
b. diffusion
c. osmosis
d. active transport
e. facilitated transport
c. osmosis
Plasma membranes are said to be _________
a. freely permeable
b. actively permeable
c. selectively permeable
d. impermeable
e. slightly permeable
c. selectively permeable
Renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of the
a. mitochondria
b. microtubules
c. golgi apparatus
d. microvilli
e. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c. golgi apparatus
When activated, lysosomes function in
a. formation of phagosomes
b. synthesis of proteins
c. catabolism of stored lipids
d. digestion of foreign material
e. synthesis of lipids
d. digestion of foreign materials
Many organelles are self-contained by membranes. Each of the follow is an example of nonmembraneous organelles except for
a. centrioles
b. ribosomes
c. cilia
d. lysosomes
e. cytoskeleton
d. lysosomes
The watery component of the cytoplasm is called:
a. extracellular fluid
b. a colloid gel
c. protoplasm
d. cytosol
e. interstitial fluid
d. cytosol
Synthesis of lipids and glycogen takes place at the
a. golgi apparatus
b. mitochondria
c. smooth ER
d. rough ER
e. ribosomes
c. smooth ER
Components of the cytoskeleton may include all of the following except
a. intermediate filaments
b. microtubules
c. microfilaments
d. microsomes
e. thick filaments
d. microsomes
If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would not be able to _________-
*select all correct answer(s)
a. metabolize sugar
b. move
c. synthesize protein
d. produce DNA
e. divide
a, b, c, d, e
The organelle responsible for a variety of functions centering on the synthesis of lipids and carbohydrates is the __________.
a. rough endoplasmic reticulum
b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c. nucleus
d. mitochondria
e. golgi apparatus
b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Microvilli are found __________
a. in large numbers on cells that secrete hormones
b. mostly muscle cells
c. only on cells lining the reproductive tract
d. on the inside of plasma membranes
e. in cells that are actively engaged in absorption
e. in cells that are actively engaged in absorption
Daughter cells produced during mitosis are haploid
a. true
b. false
b. false
Most of a cell’s DNA is located in its
a. ribosomes
b. nucleolus
c. golgi apparatus
d. nucleus
e. mitochondria
d. nucleus
Our somatic cell nuclei contain ___ pairs of chromosomes
a. 22
b. 8
c. 23
d. 16
e. 46
c. 23 pairs
Apoptosis is the same as autolysis
a. true
b. false
b. false
The interphase of the cell life cycle is divided into ________
a. G0, G1, S, G2
b. mitosis and cytokinesis
c. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
d. all of the above
a. G0, G1. S. G2
- Splicosomes are required to produce mature mRNA.
2, Mature mRNA have a guanine 5’ cap and a 3’ poly A tail
a. sentence 1 is false, sentence 2 is correct
b. sentence 1 and 2 are both correct
c. both sentence 1 and 2 are false
d. sentence 1 is correct, sentence 2 is false
b. sentence 1 and 2 are both correct
Cell division that produces daughter cells known as gametes is called ________
a. mitosis
b. meiosis
c. spermiogenesis
d. cytokinesis
b. meiosis
The components of ribosomes are formed within _______
a. the nucleoli
b. the endoplasmic reticulum
c. lysosomes
d. golgi complexes
e. mitochondria
a. nucleoli
The synthesis of a function polypeptide using the information in an mRNA strand is ________
a. translation
b. gene activation
c. transcription
d. replication
e. none of the baove
a. translation
Cytokinesis occurs in both mitosis and meiosis
a. true
b. false
a. true
Which statement regarding peroxisomes is true?
a. peroxisomes are membraneous organelles
b. peroxisomes function in the intracellular removal of pathogens
c. peroxisomes sort and package synthesized products
d. peroxisomes are double-membrane structures with inner membrane folds enclosing important enzymes
a. peroxisomes are membraneous organelles
Nuclear pores are not/do not
a. account for about 10 percent of the nuclear surface
b. allow proteins and DNA to freely cross the nuclear envelope
c. permit chemical communication between the nucleus and the cytosol
d. associate with proteins that regulate the movement of ions and small molecules
b. allow proteins and DNA to freely cross the nuclear envelope
During meiosis 1, maternal and paternal chromosomes come together during the process called ______ to form a _________
a. metaphase 2; tetrad
b. synapsis; tetrad
c. synapsis; spermatid
d, prophase 1; chromatid
e. synapsis; chromotid
b. synapsis; tetrad
Given that the mRNA codon AGC specifies the amino acid serine, which of the following is the tRNA codon?
a. TCG
b. UAC
c. AGC
d. GGC
e. UCG
e. UCG
What is the one great advantage of carrier-mediated active transport?
a. the molecules involved simply move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration
b. it is not dependent on a concentration gradient
c. no ATP is expended in the process
d. it only needs to expend ATP at a later time to preserve homeostasis
b. it is not dependent on a concentration gradient
Which membranous organelles in the cell are not interconnected or in communication with other organelles through the movements of vesicles?
a. nucleus
b. mitochondria
c. golgi apparatus
d. endoplasmic reticulum
b. mitochondria
Where do the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur within the mitochondrion?
a. cristae
b. outer mitochondrial membrane
c. inner mitochondrial membrane
d. matrix
d. matrix
In the process called facilitated diffusion, what limits the rate of transport into the cell at any given moment?
a. the amount of glycocalyx on the cell surface
b. the number of suitable carrier proteins
c. intracellular vesicles
d. ATP
b. the number of suitable carrier proteins
Which is the correct sequence of events when the RER delivers vesicles to the Golgi apparatus?
1- small vesicles move material from one cisterna to the next
2 - enzymatic modification occurs
3 - arrival to the trans face
4 - arrival at a cisterna known as the cis face
a. 3, 1, 2, 4
b. 3, 2, 1, 4
c. 4, 2, 1, 3
d. 4, 2, 3, 1
d. 4, 2, 1, 3
arrival at a cisterna known as the cis face
enzymatic modification occurs
small vesicles move materials from one cisterna to the next
arrival at the trans face
Which would be expected to be true regarding reproductive system cells whose primary cellular function is to synthesize steroid hormones?
a. these reproductive cells contain SER with attached fixed ribosomes
b. these reproductive cells contain extensive SER, but their RER is relatively small
c. these reproductive cells contain extensive RER and SER, which are equally proportioned
d. these reproductive cells contain extensive RER, but their SER is relatively small
b. these reproductive cells contain extensive SER, but their RER is relatively small
