Chapter 2: Chemical Level of Organization Flashcards
The subatomic particle with the least mass ______
a. carries a negative charge
b. is found only in the nucleus
c. plays no part in the atom’s chemical reactions
d. none of these answers are correct
e. carries a positive charge
a. carriers a negative charge
A solution containing equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is
a. neutral
b. acidic
c. alkaline
d. in equilibrium
e. basic
a. neutral
How many electrons are in the innermost energy level shell of the oxygen atom?
a. 4
b. 6
c. 8
d. 2
e. none of these answers are correct
d. 2
The number and arrangement of electrons in an atom’s outer energy level (valence shell) determines the atom’s _________
a. atomic number
b. atomic weight
c. molecular weight
d. chemical properties
e. none of these answers are correct
d. chemical properties
The smallest stable units of matter are:
a. electrons
b. molecules
c. protons
d. atoms
e. neutrons
d. atoms
Which of the following statements about water is not correct?
a. water has relatively low heat capacity
b. water contains weak hydrogen bonds and strong covalent bonds
c. water is composed of polar molecules
d. water contains hydrogen bonds
e. water can dissolve many substances
a. water has relatively low heat capacity
A substance containing atoms of different elements that are bonded together is called a(n)
a. mixture
b. isotope
c. molecule
d. solution
e. compound
e. compound
Isotopes of an element differ from each other in the number of ________
a. electrons in the outer shells
b. protons in the nucleus
c. neutrons in the nucleus
d. all of these answers are correct
c. neutrons in the nucleus
The oxygen isotope O18 has
a. an atomic number of 18
b. 10 protons
c. 8 neutrons
d. 10 neutrons
e. 10 electrons
d. 10 neutrons
Radioisotopes have unstable
a. protons
b. nuclei
c. electron clouds
d. isotopes
e. ions
b. nuclei
The hydrogen bonding that occurs in water is responsible for all of the following except _______
a. the high boiling point of water
b. the surface tension of water
c. the ability of water to dissolve inorganic salts
d. the ability of water to dissolve nonpolar substances
e. the low freezing point of water
d. the ability of water to dissolve nonpolar substances
Which of the following is/are needed to form a triglyceride molecule?
a. 1 glycerol molecules
b. 3 fatty acid molecules
c. 3 glycerol molecules and 3 fatty acids molecules
d. one glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid molecules
d. one glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid molecules
The speed, or rate, of a chemical reaction is always influenced by ________
*select all correct answer(s)
a. the presence of the sun
b. the temperature
c. the presence of catalysts
d. the concentration of the reactants
b, c, d
the temperature, presence of catalysts, concentration of reactants
A fatty acid that contains 2 or more double covalent bonds is said to be
a. monounsaturated
b. polyunsaturated
c. saturated
d. hydrogenated
e. polysaturated
b. polyunsaturated
In an exergonic reaction ___________
*select all correct answer(s)
a. energy is released during the reaction
b. molecules move from reactants to products and back
c. small molecules are assembled into larger ones
d. molecules are rearranged to form new molecules
e. large molecules are broken down into smaller ones
a, e.
energy is released during the reaction, large molecules are broken down into smaller ones
A polysaccharide that is formed in liver and muscle cells to store glucose is
a. sucrose
b. fructose
c. glycogen
d. cellulose
e. starch
c. glycogen
A pH of 7.8 in the human body typifies a condition referred to as __________
a. dehydration
b. homeostasis
c. alkalosis
d. hydration
e. acidosis
c. alkalosis
The reaction A + B + Energy -> AB is an example of a(n)?
a. endergonic reaction
b. exchange reaction
c. decomposition reaction
d. equilibrium reaction
e. exergonic reaction
a. endergonic reaction
All of the following are true concerning enzymes, except:
a. lower the activation energy required for a reaction
b. are consumed during the reaction
c. function as biological catalysts
d. are proteins
e. affect only the rate of a chemical reaction
b. are consumed during the reaction
All the chemical reactions that occur in the human body are collectively referred to as _________
a. exergonic
b. catabolism
c. homeostasis
d. anabolism
e. metabolism
e. metabolism
Match the term with the correct definition for: compound
a. two or more atoms of different elements joined by strong or weak bonds
b. two or more atoms joined by strong bonds
a. two or more atoms of different elements joined by strong or weak bonds
Match the term with the correct definition for: molecule
a. two or more atoms of different elements joined by strong or weak bonds
b. two or more atoms joined by strong bonds
b. two or more atoms joined by strong bonds
The following equation is an example of which type of reaction? LM → L + M + Energy
a. equilibrium
b. synthesis reaction
c. decomposition reaction
d. exchange reaction
c. decomposition reaction
Match the terms to the correct definitions
CH4, O2, NaCl
a. example of an organic compound
b. example of an inorganic compound
CH4: a
O2: b
NaCl: b
Which of the following often dissociates completely in water, releasing cations and anions?
a. buffers
b. weak acids
c. weak bases
d. salts
e. sugars
d. salts
Mass number is defined as
a. total number of electrons and neutrons in an atom
b. total number of electrons and protons in an atom
c. total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
d. total number of protons in an atom
c. total number of protons and neutrons
What is the most common high energy compound in the cell?
a. red bull
b. adenosine
c. AMP
d. ADP
e. ATP
e. ATP
Why are hydrogen, lithium, and sodium classified as reactive elements?
a. they are elements with filled innermost energy levels
b. they are elements with full valence shells
c. they are elements with unfilled valence shells
d. they are elements that do not readily participate in chemical processes
c. they are elements with unfilled valence shells
Which subatomic particle has the smallest mass and a charge that is labeled “negative”?
a. nucleus
b. neutron
c. electron
d. proton
e. dark matter
c. electron
Which is a characteristic of hydrophobic molecules?
a. they have positive and negative poles
b. they form hydration spheres when exposed
c. they have very few or no polar covalent bonds
d. they have many polar covalent bonds
e. they are organic
c. they have very few or no polar covalent bonds
Which of the following is a balanced equations?
a. 2H2 + 2O2 -> 2H20
b. 2Na + Cl -> NaCl
c. 2H2 + O2 -> 2h20
C. 2Ca2 + 4Cl -> 2CaCl
c. 2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O
An acid would most likely disrupt and sterilize a protein by
a. causing the protein to be excreted from the body
b. breaking apart the covalent bonds of the protein
c. making a diseased prion take on the form of a healthy protein
d. changing the shape of the protein
d. changing the shape of the protein
What type of bond is involved in the formation of a water molecule?
a. peptide bonds
b. double covalent bonds
c. ionic bonds
d. polar covalent bonds
d. polar covalent bonds
Sodium hydroxide is a strong __________, which releases sodium ions and hydroxide ions
a. buffer
b. salt
c. base
d. acid
c. base
Which type of bond between water molecules creates the surface tension of water?
a. covalent bonds
b. hydrogen bonds
c. ionic bonds
d. peptide
b. hydrogen bonds
Which complementary base pairing is unique to RNA
a. C-G
b. G-G
c. A-T
d. A-U
d. A-U
Steroids, which all share the same carbon-ring framework but differ in functional groups that are attached to the base ring structure, are an example of ______
a. proteins
b. carbohydrates
c. nucleic acids
d. lipids
d. lipids
The three dimensional folding shape of a protein is most determined by
a. covalent bonds
b. high-energy bonds
c. dehydration synthesis
d. hydrogen bonds
d. hydrogen bonds
What is defined as a sheath of water molecules around an ion in solution?
a. a colloid
b. a crystal
c. a hydration sphere
d. a suspension
c. a hydration sphere
Which pH has the highest concentration of hydrogen ion (H+)?
a. 7
b. 2
c. 5
d. 14
b. 2
