Chapter 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
The study of the general form and superficial markings of an organism is called ___________ anatomy
a. regional
b. systemic
c. surgical
d. gross
e. surface
e. surface
Lungs are to the respiratory system as the glucose-storing liver is to ______________ system(s)
a. the cardiovascular
b. both lymphatic and urinary
c. the lymphatic
d. the digestive
e. the urinary
d. the digestive
The chin is _________ to the nose
a. superior
b. anterior
c. posterior
d. inferior
e. medial
d. inferior
The visceral pericardium is located
a. on the lung itself
b. lining the outer surface of the pericardial cavity
c. on the heart itself
d. lining the peritoneal cavity
e. lining the outer surface of the pleural cavity
c. on the heart itself
The analysis of the internal structure of individual cells is called:
a. histology
b. embryology
c. cytology
d. anatomy
e. physiology
c. cytology
A person is lying on the bed gazing at the ceiling. She is in the ________ position
a. dorsal
b. caudal
c. prone
d. anatomical
e. supine
e. supine
A cell or organ that responds to the commands of the control center in negative feedback loops is termed a(n)/the
a. hypothalamus
b. effector
c. stimulus
d. receptor
e. thermoregulator
d. effector
A midsagittal section would pass through the __________
a. heart
b. leg
c. spleen
d. lung
e. kidney
a. heart
The two major divisions of the ventral body cavity are the
a. thoracic and abdominopelvic
b. pelvic and thoracic
c. lateral and medial
d. dorsal and ventral
e. cranial and sacral
a. thoracic and abdominopelvic
An anatomical term that means the same as ventral
a. superior
b. inferior
c. abdominal
d. anterior
e. posterior
d. anterior
Which of the following is not an example of negative feedback?
a. a rise in estrogen during the menstrual cycle increases the number of progesterone receptors in the uterus
b. increased blood sugar stimulates the release of a hormone from the pancreas that stimulates the liver to store sugar and lower blood sugar levels back to normal.
c. increased blood pressure in the aorta triggers mechanisms to lower blood pressure.
d. a rise in blood calcium levels triggers the release of a hormone that lowers blood calcium levels.
a. a rise in estrogen during the menstrual cycle increases the number of progesterone receptors in the uterus
b. increased blood sugar stimulates the release of a hormone from the pancreas that stimulates the liver to store sugar and lower blood sugar levels back to normal.
The correct order, from the simplest to most complex level is:
1. tissue
2. cell
3. organ
4. chemical
5. organism
6. organ system
a. 4, 2, 1, 3, 6, 5
b. 2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 6
c. 4, 2, 3, 1, 6, 5
d. 2, 4, 1, 3, 6, 5
e. 4, 2, 1, 6, 3, 5
a. 4, 2, 1, 3, 6, 5
Failure of homeostatic regulation in the body results in
a. extrinsic regulation
b. disease
c. autoregulation
d. positive feedback
b. disease
List the common characteristics shared by all living things
a. cells, organization, responsiveness, regulation, growth, development, reproduction, metabolism
b. regulation, growth, metabolism
c. organization, responsiveness, regulation
d. atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
e. growth, development, reproduction
a. cells, organization, responsiveness, regulation, growth, development, reproduction, metabolism
What is human A&P?
a. the field of human anthropology and philosophy
b. the field of human alliance and power
c. the field of human anatomy and physiology
d. the field of human activity and physics
e. the field of human action and potential
c. the field of human anatomy and physiology
In the example of blood clotting that occurs after a severe cut:
a. the clotting process decelerates as the damage to cells in the blood vessel wall releases chemicals.
b. negative feedback is the primary mechanism.
c. the effector carries signals of pain and damage to the control center which then sends signals to the receptors which control the bleeding by forming a clot (or natural band-aid)
d. the effector, activated by the control center, opposes the original stimulus.
e. a positive feedback loop occurs
e. a positive feedback loop occurs
Distinguish between growth and development.
a. growth refers to changes in structures and functions as the organism ages. Development refers to an increase in size.
b. growth refers to the ability to maintain homeostasis at a single moment. Development refers to the ability to maintain homeostasis over a lifetime.
c. growth refers to a decrease in size.
Development refers to an increase in size.
d. growth refers to an increase in size. Development refers to changes in structures and functions as the organism grows.
e. growth refers to changes that occur in small organisms. Development refers to changes that occur in larger organisms
d. growth refers to an increase in size. Development refers to changes in structures and functions as the organism grows.
The central principle of physiology is
a. temperature regulation
b. reflexes
c. stimulation
d. nutrition
e. homeostasis
e. homeostasis
Which of the following is an example of a normal physiological process that uses a positive feedback loop?
*select correct answer(s)
a. blood clotting
b. blood sugar balance
c. uterine contractions during birth
d. body temperature regulation
e. blood pressure regulation
f. water balance
a. and c.
blood clotting and uterine contractions during birth
In humans, cells:
a. are organized into millions of different types in the human body
b. do not exist as independent entities
c. are not the smallest structural units that perform all vital functions
d. work independently in the human body
b. do not exist as independent entities
Which of the following is a direct example of the study of physiology?
a. using a dissecting microscope to view the layers of a blood vessel
b. comparing the genetics of different life forms, such as: humans, animals, plants, and bacteria
c. dissecting a heart to observe the heart chambers
d. observing heart muscle cell structure under a microscope
e. measuring heart rate and noting blood pressure
e. measuring heart rate and noting blood pressure
The maintenance of an constant internal environment in an organism is termed
a. positive feedback
b. effector control
c. homeostasis
d. integration
e. negative feedback
c. homeostasis
Anatomy is to __________ as physiology is to ____________
a. function; form
b. structure; form
c. form; structure
d. structure; function
e. growth; form
d. structure; function
What type of body membrane is found lining the true internal cavities of the body?
a. serous
b. watery
c. mucous
d. cutaneous
e. epithelial
a. serous
If a surgeon makes an incision just inferior to the diaphragm, which body cavity will be opened?
a. peritoneal portion of the abdominopelvic cavity
b. pelvic portion of the abdominopelvic cavity
c. pericardial portion of the thoracic cavity
d. vertebral cavity
e. pleural portion of the thoracic cavity
a. peritoneal portion of the abdominopelvic cavity
The spleen is located in the ________ quadrant
a. right lower
b. umbilical
c. left lower
d. left upper
e. right upper
d. left upper
The right pleural cavity contains the
a. trachea
b. heart
c. right lung
d. left and right lung
e. left lung
c. right lung
The mediastinum
a. contains the pericardial cavity
b. separates the pleural cavities
c. contains the pleural cavities
d. contains both the pleural and pericardial cavities
e. separates the pleural cavities, and contains the pericardial cavity
e. separates the pleural cavities, and contains the pericardial cavity
Which of the following organs in not contained within the abdominal cavity?
a. stomach
b. small intestine
c. ovary
d. spleen
e. pancreas
c. ovary (reproductive organs are located within the pelvic cavity)
Homeostasis is not/does not
a. the foundation of all modern physiology
b. result in the presence of an unstable internal environment
c. allow the body to respond to abnormal conditions
d. absolutely vital to an organism’s survival
b. result in the presence of an unstable internal environment
