Chapter 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

The study of the general form and superficial markings of an organism is called ___________ anatomy

a. regional
b. systemic
c. surgical
d. gross
e. surface

Answer 1

e. surface

Question 2

Lungs are to the respiratory system as the glucose-storing liver is to ______________ system(s)

a. the cardiovascular
b. both lymphatic and urinary
c. the lymphatic
d. the digestive
e. the urinary

Answer 2

d. the digestive

Question 3

The chin is _________ to the nose

a. superior
b. anterior
c. posterior
d. inferior
e. medial

Answer 3

d. inferior

Question 4

The visceral pericardium is located

a. on the lung itself
b. lining the outer surface of the pericardial cavity
c. on the heart itself
d. lining the peritoneal cavity
e. lining the outer surface of the pleural cavity

Answer 4

c. on the heart itself

Question 5

The analysis of the internal structure of individual cells is called:

a. histology
b. embryology
c. cytology
d. anatomy
e. physiology

Answer 5

c. cytology

Question 6

A person is lying on the bed gazing at the ceiling. She is in the ________ position

a. dorsal
b. caudal
c. prone
d. anatomical
e. supine

Answer 6

e. supine

Question 7

A cell or organ that responds to the commands of the control center in negative feedback loops is termed a(n)/the

a. hypothalamus
b. effector
c. stimulus
d. receptor
e. thermoregulator

Answer 7

d. effector

Question 8

A midsagittal section would pass through the __________

a. heart
b. leg
c. spleen
d. lung
e. kidney

Answer 8

a. heart

Question 9

The two major divisions of the ventral body cavity are the

a. thoracic and abdominopelvic
b. pelvic and thoracic
c. lateral and medial
d. dorsal and ventral
e. cranial and sacral

Answer 9

a. thoracic and abdominopelvic

Question 10

An anatomical term that means the same as ventral

a. superior
b. inferior
c. abdominal
d. anterior
e. posterior

Answer 10

d. anterior

Question 11

Which of the following is not an example of negative feedback?

a. a rise in estrogen during the menstrual cycle increases the number of progesterone receptors in the uterus
b. increased blood sugar stimulates the release of a hormone from the pancreas that stimulates the liver to store sugar and lower blood sugar levels back to normal.
c. increased blood pressure in the aorta triggers mechanisms to lower blood pressure.
d. a rise in blood calcium levels triggers the release of a hormone that lowers blood calcium levels.

Answer 11

a. a rise in estrogen during the menstrual cycle increases the number of progesterone receptors in the uterus
b. increased blood sugar stimulates the release of a hormone from the pancreas that stimulates the liver to store sugar and lower blood sugar levels back to normal.

Question 12

The correct order, from the simplest to most complex level is:
1. tissue
2. cell
3. organ
4. chemical
5. organism
6. organ system

a. 4, 2, 1, 3, 6, 5
b. 2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 6
c. 4, 2, 3, 1, 6, 5
d. 2, 4, 1, 3, 6, 5
e. 4, 2, 1, 6, 3, 5

Answer 12

a. 4, 2, 1, 3, 6, 5

Question 13

Failure of homeostatic regulation in the body results in

a. extrinsic regulation
b. disease
c. autoregulation
d. positive feedback

Answer 13

b. disease

Question 14

List the common characteristics shared by all living things

a. cells, organization, responsiveness, regulation, growth, development, reproduction, metabolism
b. regulation, growth, metabolism
c. organization, responsiveness, regulation
d. atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
e. growth, development, reproduction

Answer 14

a. cells, organization, responsiveness, regulation, growth, development, reproduction, metabolism

Question 15

What is human A&P?

a. the field of human anthropology and philosophy
b. the field of human alliance and power
c. the field of human anatomy and physiology
d. the field of human activity and physics
e. the field of human action and potential

Answer 15

c. the field of human anatomy and physiology

Question 16

In the example of blood clotting that occurs after a severe cut:

a. the clotting process decelerates as the damage to cells in the blood vessel wall releases chemicals.
b. negative feedback is the primary mechanism.
c. the effector carries signals of pain and damage to the control center which then sends signals to the receptors which control the bleeding by forming a clot (or natural band-aid)
d. the effector, activated by the control center, opposes the original stimulus.
e. a positive feedback loop occurs

Answer 16

e. a positive feedback loop occurs

Question 17

Distinguish between growth and development.

a. growth refers to changes in structures and functions as the organism ages. Development refers to an increase in size.
b. growth refers to the ability to maintain homeostasis at a single moment. Development refers to the ability to maintain homeostasis over a lifetime.
c. growth refers to a decrease in size.
Development refers to an increase in size.
d. growth refers to an increase in size. Development refers to changes in structures and functions as the organism grows.
e. growth refers to changes that occur in small organisms. Development refers to changes that occur in larger organisms

Answer 17

d. growth refers to an increase in size. Development refers to changes in structures and functions as the organism grows.

Question 18

The central principle of physiology is

a. temperature regulation
b. reflexes
c. stimulation
d. nutrition
e. homeostasis

Answer 18

e. homeostasis

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a normal physiological process that uses a positive feedback loop?
*select correct answer(s)

a. blood clotting
b. blood sugar balance
c. uterine contractions during birth
d. body temperature regulation
e. blood pressure regulation
f. water balance

Answer 19

a. and c.
blood clotting and uterine contractions during birth

Question 20

In humans, cells:

a. are organized into millions of different types in the human body
b. do not exist as independent entities
c. are not the smallest structural units that perform all vital functions
d. work independently in the human body

Answer 20

b. do not exist as independent entities

Question 21

Which of the following is a direct example of the study of physiology?

a. using a dissecting microscope to view the layers of a blood vessel
b. comparing the genetics of different life forms, such as: humans, animals, plants, and bacteria
c. dissecting a heart to observe the heart chambers
d. observing heart muscle cell structure under a microscope
e. measuring heart rate and noting blood pressure

Answer 21

e. measuring heart rate and noting blood pressure

Question 22

The maintenance of an constant internal environment in an organism is termed

a. positive feedback
b. effector control
c. homeostasis
d. integration
e. negative feedback

Answer 22

c. homeostasis

Question 23

Anatomy is to __________ as physiology is to ____________

a. function; form
b. structure; form
c. form; structure
d. structure; function
e. growth; form

Answer 23

d. structure; function

Question 24

What type of body membrane is found lining the true internal cavities of the body?

a. serous
b. watery
c. mucous
d. cutaneous
e. epithelial

Answer 24

a. serous

Question 25

If a surgeon makes an incision just inferior to the diaphragm, which body cavity will be opened?

a. peritoneal portion of the abdominopelvic cavity
b. pelvic portion of the abdominopelvic cavity
c. pericardial portion of the thoracic cavity
d. vertebral cavity
e. pleural portion of the thoracic cavity

Answer 25

a. peritoneal portion of the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 26

The spleen is located in the ________ quadrant

a. right lower
b. umbilical
c. left lower
d. left upper
e. right upper

Answer 26

d. left upper

Question 27

The right pleural cavity contains the

a. trachea
b. heart
c. right lung
d. left and right lung
e. left lung

Answer 27

c. right lung

Question 28

The mediastinum

a. contains the pericardial cavity
b. separates the pleural cavities
c. contains the pleural cavities
d. contains both the pleural and pericardial cavities
e. separates the pleural cavities, and contains the pericardial cavity

Answer 28

e. separates the pleural cavities, and contains the pericardial cavity

Question 29

Which of the following organs in not contained within the abdominal cavity?

a. stomach
b. small intestine
c. ovary
d. spleen
e. pancreas

Answer 29

c. ovary (reproductive organs are located within the pelvic cavity)

Question 30

Homeostasis is not/does not

a. the foundation of all modern physiology
b. result in the presence of an unstable internal environment
c. allow the body to respond to abnormal conditions
d. absolutely vital to an organism’s survival

Answer 30

b. result in the presence of an unstable internal environment