Chapter 3: Cellular Level of Organization Flashcards
Cell
basic unit of all living things
Prokaryotic Cell
have no nucleus
Eukaryotic Cell
complex cells with a nucleus and organelles
True or False: All plants, animals, and fungi are eukaryotes.
True
What are the three main parts of the cell?
- plasma membrane
- cytoplasm
- nucleus
Characteristics of the Plasma Membrane (Plasmalemma)
- selectively permeable barrier
- transmembrane proteins that play a role in cellular communication
Characteristics of the Cytoplasm
- cytosol is the goo (mostly water)
- organelles are inclusions with specific functions
Cytoplasm
everything but the nucleus
Nucleus
contains DNA
Characteristics of the DNA inside the Nucleus
- DNA rolled up into chromosomes
- each chromosome contains thousands of genes
How do materials get in and out of the cell?
Transport Processes
Passive Processes (Passive Transport)
movement across the membrane without energy input
Does passive processes move with or against their concentration gradient?
with
Active Processes (Active Transport)
movement across a membrane with the use of energy (ATP)
Does active processes move with or against their concentration gradient?
against
Diffusion
passive spread of particles through random motion from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
What are 5 things that affect diffusion?
- amount of substance
- steepness of concentration gradient
- temperature
- surface area
- diffusion distance
True or False: The sodium-potassium pump is found in all cells.
True
Characteristics of Mitochondria
- “powerhouse of the cell”
- cite of ATP production
- location of electron transport chain
Phagocytosis
the ingestion of small and foreign particles in the cell
Transcription
DNA is converted into RNA
Translation
RNA uses ribosomes to help code proteins
Chromatid
the leg portion of a chromasome
Centromere
the very middle of a chromosome
Mitosis
somatic cell division
A somatic cell is ___.
diploid
A somatic cell contains two sets of chromosomes, one set of chromosome containing ___ homologs.
23
Meiosis
cell division of gametes or germ cells
Gametes are ___.
haploid
How many cells are in the average adult?
100 trillion
How many different cell types are there?
around 210
True or False: Cells are all the same shape and size.
False
What does cellular diversity permit?
organization of cells
