Chapter 3- Cells undergo chemical reactions Flashcards
what is a catabolic reaction?
large molecules broken down into smaller ones. eg digestion
what is an anabolic reaction?
small molecules are built up into larger ones. eg protein synthesis
define nutrients
a substance in food that is used fro growth, repair and maintaining the body.
list the 6 groups of nutrients
- water
- carbohydrates
- lipids
- proteins
- minerals
- vitamins
what are organic compounds?
molecules that have a carbon chain.
list the three carbohydrates
monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
what are monosaccharides?
simple sugars. for example glucose, fructose and galactose.
what are disaccharides?
two simple sugar molecules joined together. for example sucrose, maltose and lactose.
what are polysaccharides?
larger carbohydrates. formed from many simple sugars joined together. for example glycogen, cellulose and starch.
what is the bond called that joins amino acids?
peptide bond.
what are lipids?
an important energy source that includes fats and oils. its is broken down into fatty acids and glycerol.
why is water important in metabolism?
it is the fluid in which other substances are dissolved in. water also facilitates chemical reactions as some occur in it.
why are minerals important in metabolism?
as they may be a part of enzymes, may function as cofactors for enzymes, or may be a part of substances like ATP that are involved in metabolism.
why are vitamins important in metabolism?
as they act as coenzymes (non-organic protein molecules) for many of the chemical reactions of metabolism.
why does enzyme only combine with one particular substrate?
because the enzyme and the substrate have characteristics that are complementary to one another. the enzyme and substrate have a shape and structure that allows them to fit together.
