Chapter 3- Cells at work Flashcards
Define: Enzymes
Enzymes are proteins that can increase the rate at which chemical reaction happen.
What are two things that enzymes do not change during a reaction?
1) Direction of reaction
2) Amount of product
Enzymes can catalyze a reaction in …….. direction
either
If more substrate is produced, net reaction to the……..?
right
If more accumulation of product, net reaction to……..?
left
Define: Substrate
The substance enzymes bind to
Define: Denaturation
Irreversible change in protein structure
Define: Coenzymes
Very small molecules that are associated with particular enzymes and are less essential for their activity.
What are catalysts and what kind of catalysts are enzymes composed of?
Catalysts are substances that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions without being used up in the reaction.
Enzymes are organic catalysts.
In what organelles are enzymes likely to be found?
Mitochondria and lysosomes
What are factors that affect enzyme’s function?
1) pH- can change the shape of enzyme so it can’t bind to substrate and also the rate of reaction.
2) Temperature- warm to cold gradually increases the rate of a chemical reaction
3) Rate at which a reaction takes place is affected by the amount of substrate or enzyme present.
What happens if a material containing enzymes is boiled?
The substance becomes denatured.
What type of energy is stores in the bonds of molecules?
Chemical energy
In what form do cells use chemical energy?
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
Once an ATP molecule has given up its energy, what does the ATP molecule become?
ADP
