Chapter 2 Key Terms

Question 1

Animalia

Answer 1

Kingdom comprised of living and extinct animals

Question 2

autoradiography

Answer 2

a method of investigating cells where the tissue is first ‘stained’ with a radioactively labelled substance, then placed on photographic film which can be visualized.

Question 3

autotroph

Answer 3

organisms that can make their own organic molecules from inorganic molecules

Question 4

bacteriophage

Answer 4

viruses that infect bacteria (bacteria eaters)

Question 5

cell

Answer 5

the basic functioning unit of all organisms

Question 6

cell membrane

Answer 6

encloses fluids of a cell, separates its contents from the environment

Question 7

centriole

Answer 7

small cylindrical structures with microtubules, involved in the separation of chromosomes during cell division

Question 8

chromosome

Answer 8

thread- like structure nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes

Question 9

cilia

Answer 9

small hair- like structures used for movement

Question 10

electron microscopy

Answer 10

object is viewed using an electron beam instead of a light, allowing a much higher resolution

Question 11

eukaryote

Answer 11

cells with a membrane- bound nucleus and organelles

Question 12

flagella

Answer 12

whip- like processes used for movement

Question 13

Fungi

Answer 13

kingdom compromised of Fungi

Question 14

heterotroph

Answer 14

organisms that must obtain organic compounds by eating other organisms and their products

Question 15

light microscopy

Answer 15

method to examine cells in which visible light is used

Question 16

Monera

Answer 16

kingdom comprised of prokaryote organisms. They are unicellular or simple multicellular organisms, includes bacteria and cyanobacteria

Question 17

organelle

Answer 17

subcellular structure involved in a specific function of the cell.

Question 18

Plantae

Answer 18

Kingdom comprised of plants

Question 19

plastid

Answer 19

A group of plant organelles which develop from simple organelles called proplasts.

Question 20

prion

Answer 20

Composed of protein only, infectious particles able to replicate themselves in cells.

Question 21

Prokaryote

Answer 21

Cells that lack membrane- bound organelles.

Question 22

Protista

Answer 22

Kingdom comprised of mostly unicellular organisms (that do not fit into the other kingdoms).

Question 23

Synchroton

Answer 23

Large circular tube inside which electrons are travelling at close to the speed of light (emit electromagnetic radiation).

Question 24

Virion

Answer 24

A single virus particle

Question 25

Virus

Answer 25

Subcellular genetic particles