CHAPTER 3 - CELL STRUCTURE Flashcards
What is the functional role of nucleus?
Serves as the genetic info repository and the cell’s control center.
What takes place in the nucleus?
DNA replication, transcription and RNA processing.
What is the plasma membrane and its function?
It is a selectively permeable membrane of the cells composed of the lipid bilayer, and proteins (fluid mosaic model) function is to provide shape and protect the inner content of the cell.
function of cytoplasm
jelly-like substance is found between the cell membrane and nucleus. Composed of main water and organic-inorganic compounds. All organelles are embedded in the cytoplasm.
function of Rough ER
A membrane-bound organelle with many ribosomes to make proteins; is essential because many proteins must be embedded into membranes as they are made, and others must be isolated and packaged into vesicles and transported to other locations.
function of Smooth ER
Membrane-bound with no ribosomes to make lipids. Steroids are associated with the production of lipids and are also responsible for detoxifying the cell.
Is the nucleus in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Yes
Is the plasma membrane in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells or only in one?
both
Is the cytoplasm in eukaryotic or prokaroyitic or both?
both
Is the Rough ER eukaryotic or prokaryotic, or both?
only eukaryotic
Is the Smooth ER eukaryotic or prokaryotic, or both?
only eukaryotic
What are the mitochondria and their function?
A powerhouse of the cell as they produce energy-rich molecules for the cell. They are the sites of aerobic respiration in the cell, produce energy in the form of ATP and help the transformation of the molecule. 2 compartments, where the inner part is called the matric and the folded into cristae.
Is the Mitochondria eukaryotic or prokaryotic, or both?
only eukaryotic
What is the original blueprint of the nucleus?
A Gene, which acts as a blueprint for Protiens, non-coding RNAs such as tRNA.
What is DNA?
Biological molecule that holds genetic info
What is mRNA?
Temporary copies of a gene which is sent out of the nucleus and used to trigger and guide the assembly of proteins and functional RNA
What is a protein?
One type of outcome that a gene can act as a blueprint for.
Does DNA ever leave the nucleus?
No, it never leaves; RNA copies of individual genes are transcribed and sent out instead.
What reads the mRNA and uses that info to build the suitable protein?
Ribosomes
What reads the mRNA and uses that info to build the suitable protein?
Ribosomes
What is the Golgi Apparatus?
A stack of flat membrane-bound sacs that receive materials from smooth and rough ER and process them into final products because of the final assembly.
What is the Nucleolus?
A special part of the nucleus where the gene for producing ribosomes is kept. (ribosomes are made of protein and rRNA.
What is the cytoskeleton?
structural support for the cell and organelles, as it acts as tracks that vesicles and other organelles are pulled along.
What is a plasma membrane?
A barrier that selectively controls what can enter/exit the cell. It also has glycoprotein and glycolipids for cell recognition, receptors to receive signals, and enzymes to catalyze reactions.
