CHAPTER 3 - CELL STRUCTURE

Question 1

What is the functional role of nucleus?

Answer 1

Serves as the genetic info repository and the cell’s control center.

Question 2

What takes place in the nucleus?

Answer 2

DNA replication, transcription and RNA processing.

Question 3

What is the plasma membrane and its function?

Answer 3

It is a selectively permeable membrane of the cells composed of the lipid bilayer, and proteins (fluid mosaic model) function is to provide shape and protect the inner content of the cell.

Question 4

function of cytoplasm

Answer 4

jelly-like substance is found between the cell membrane and nucleus. Composed of main water and organic-inorganic compounds. All organelles are embedded in the cytoplasm.

Question 5

function of Rough ER

Answer 5

A membrane-bound organelle with many ribosomes to make proteins; is essential because many proteins must be embedded into membranes as they are made, and others must be isolated and packaged into vesicles and transported to other locations.

Question 6

function of Smooth ER

Answer 6

Membrane-bound with no ribosomes to make lipids. Steroids are associated with the production of lipids and are also responsible for detoxifying the cell.

Question 7

Is the nucleus in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

Is the plasma membrane in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells or only in one?

Answer 8

both

Question 9

Is the cytoplasm in eukaryotic or prokaroyitic or both?

Answer 9

both

Question 10

Is the Rough ER eukaryotic or prokaryotic, or both?

Answer 10

only eukaryotic

Question 11

Is the Smooth ER eukaryotic or prokaryotic, or both?

Answer 11

only eukaryotic

Question 12

What are the mitochondria and their function?

Answer 12

A powerhouse of the cell as they produce energy-rich molecules for the cell. They are the sites of aerobic respiration in the cell, produce energy in the form of ATP and help the transformation of the molecule. 2 compartments, where the inner part is called the matric and the folded into cristae.

Question 13

Is the Mitochondria eukaryotic or prokaryotic, or both?

Answer 13

only eukaryotic

Question 14

What is the original blueprint of the nucleus?

Answer 14

A Gene, which acts as a blueprint for Protiens, non-coding RNAs such as tRNA.

Question 15

What is DNA?

Answer 15

Biological molecule that holds genetic info

Question 16

What is mRNA?

Answer 16

Temporary copies of a gene which is sent out of the nucleus and used to trigger and guide the assembly of proteins and functional RNA

Question 17

What is a protein?

Answer 17

One type of outcome that a gene can act as a blueprint for.

Question 18

Does DNA ever leave the nucleus?

Answer 18

No, it never leaves; RNA copies of individual genes are transcribed and sent out instead.

Question 19

What reads the mRNA and uses that info to build the suitable protein?

Answer 19

Ribosomes

Question 19

What reads the mRNA and uses that info to build the suitable protein?

Answer 19

Ribosomes

Question 20

What is the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 20

A stack of flat membrane-bound sacs that receive materials from smooth and rough ER and process them into final products because of the final assembly.

Question 21

What is the Nucleolus?

Answer 21

A special part of the nucleus where the gene for producing ribosomes is kept. (ribosomes are made of protein and rRNA.

Question 22

What is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 22

structural support for the cell and organelles, as it acts as tracks that vesicles and other organelles are pulled along.

Question 23

What is a plasma membrane?

Answer 23

A barrier that selectively controls what can enter/exit the cell. It also has glycoprotein and glycolipids for cell recognition, receptors to receive signals, and enzymes to catalyze reactions.

Question 24

What is a lysosome?

Answer 24

Lysosomes fuse with worn-out structures to disassemble them. Macromolecules are enzymatically digested to monomers then these monomers can be catabolized (burned for fuel) or used to make new macromolecules/enzymes and organelles. In animals/protist, it can also digest food, bacteria and viruses.

Question 25

Does Mitochondria use light energy?

Answer 25

Not direclty.

Question 26

Is the mitochondria an energy-production organelle?

Answer 26

energy cant be produced, only converted b/w forms

Question 27

Is the mitochondria a sugar-powered organelle?

Answer 27

Sugar isn’t the only fuel

Question 28

What is a chloroplast?

Answer 28

For light reactions, it uses solar energy to make ATP and NADPH, and for dark reactions, it uses this energy to make glucose from CO2. Plant cells have mitochondria therefore, they can release the energy they store as glucose.

Question 29

Are cell walls found in animal cells?

Answer 29

No, cell walls are only found in plant cells.

Question 30

The function of the cell wall is…

Answer 30

Provide structural support so plants can stand upright to reach more sunlight. The cell wall is rigid to support and keep cells from lysing (bursting) in hypotonic solutions.

Question 31

Are Central Vaculoes found in animal cells?

Answer 31

No, only found in plant cells.

Question 32

The function of Central vacuoles are…..

Answer 32

Provide structural support so plants can stand upright to reach more sunlight. It stores water and uses osmotic pressure to keep cells turgid.

Question 33

How are Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells differ?

Answer 33

-Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus, which means that prokaryotes can transcribe and translate simultaneously.
-P cells have no membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, ER and Golgi. They have ribosomes to make protein floating in the cytoplasm.
-DNA is found in 1 large circular chromosome and smaller circular plasmids.
- Cell division is very different (binary fission instead of mitosis)