CHAPTER 2- BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES Flashcards
What are the monomers of lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and proteins?
Fatty acids/steroids, nucleotides, simple sugars, amino acids.
What are some complex polymers our bodies can build with lipids?
Fats (triglycerides), phospholipids.
What are some complex polymers our bodies can build with nucleic acids?
DNA double-helices, mRNA, tRNA
What are some complex polymers our bodies can build with carbohydrates?
Glycogen (animals, starch and cellulose (plants)
What are some complex polymers our bodies can build with proteins?
Lactase enzymes, antibodies, and membrane transport proteins.
What biological molecule provides energy to fuel cellular functions?
Carbs, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic acids
What biological molecule can hold useful info?
Only nucleic acids and proteins are because DNA carries info to make functional proteins and RNAs. Human growth is a peptide that signals bones to grow.
What Biological molecules are hydrophilic?
All nucleotides and sugars and some amino acids
Why are sugars hydrophillic?
because they are polar, so the polymers they make are hydrophobic.
Why are Amino Acids hydrophilic?
As they have diff R- side-chains, some are hydrophobic, and some are hydrophilic, and some are amphipathic, which is both hydrophilic/phobic
Are Fats Hydrophobic or Hydrophilic?
Hydrophobic b/c phospholipids are amphipathic and are charged.
Why are Nucleotides hydophillic?
Nitrogenous bases are hydrophobic cause they non-polar
But the charged phosphate group and the polar sugar are hydrophilic
THEREFORE
nucleotides are hydrophilic overall.
Where and how are DNA and RNA polymers made within our cells?
The nucleus is where we make DNA strands with DNA replications and RNA strands with transcription.
Where and how are Proteins and Polypeptides made within our cells?
Made by ribosomes in the cytoplasm and rough ER when mRNA strands are translated.
Where and how are Glygogen made within our cells?
Made out of glucose by an enzyme (glycogen synthase) in the cytoplasm of the liver and skeletal muscle cells.
