chapter 3 - cell structure Flashcards
What is an eyepiece graticule
The eyepiece graticule is a glass disk within the eyepiece that has a scale on it.
What is a stage micrometer
A stage micrometer is used to calibrate the eyepiece graticule. It is a glass slide with a scale you place on the stage. The scale is roughly 2 mm and each subdivision is 10 µm long.
How do you calibrate the eyepiece graticule
1: you place the stage micrometer on the stage
2: lineup the stage micrometer to the eyepiece graticule
3: Count how many divisions from the eyepiece graticule fit into the stage micrometer. eg 2 fit into 1. if 1 division of the stage micrometer is 10 Micrometers
4: find out how big one division is on the eyepiece graticule in this case it would be 5 µm
5: now you can measure the size of organelles by removing the stage micrometer
How do enzymes lower activation energy (induced fit model)
When the enzymes active site becomes induced/slightly change the shape to fit around the substrate.
When the enzyme substrate complex forms, Due to the enzyme moulding around the substrate this puts a strain on the bonds between the substrate and the enzyme this creates tension. Therefore less energy is needed to bring the bonds forming the products.
What happens when the enzymes denature when the temperature is too high
If the temperature is too high/pass optimum for enzymes denature.
This means that enzymes active site has changed the shape/the tertiary structure has changed shape. This could mean that bonds in a tertiary structure have broken. No more enzyme substrate complex can conform
What happens when pH is too high or too low in a reaction
if the pH is too high or too low this will interfere with the charges of amino acids in the active site/enzyme. Disc and brake/change the bonds in the tertiary structure that holds the active site and enzyme in place
