Chapter 3 Bonding and Chemical Interactions Flashcards
What forms an ionic bond?
Metal and a nonmetal
*Ionic bonds occur between elements with large differences in electronegativity (ΔEN > 1.7)
* Electrostatic attraction keeps them in close proximity.
*No sharing of electrons, and stronger than covalent
Which elements are stable with an incomplete octet?
H, He, Li, Be & B
Which elements are stable with more than 8 electrons?
All elements in period 3 or greater.
Can compounds with an odd # of electrons have more than eight electrons on each element?
No
What do Ionic compounds form?
crystalline lattices—large, organized arrays of ions (repeating + & - ions)
What’re properties of ionic compounds?
Ionic solids have high melting point
&
Dissociate in water and other polar solvents.
What is a covalent bond?
Sharing of electrons between two elements of similar electronegativities
What is bond order?
Refers to whether a covalent bond is a single bond, double bond, or triple bond
*More bonds means higher bond strength & bond energy; while bond length decreases
What is coordinate covalent bonds?
a single atom provides both bonding electrons while the
other atom does not contribute any
What does VSEPR (valence shell electron pair repulsion) theory state?
Arrange themselves to be as far apart as possible from each other in three-dimensional space
Which electrons exert more repulsion force? (bonding or nonbonding)
Nonbonding electrons
What is electronic geometry?
Refers to the position of all electrons in a molecule, whether bonding or nonbonding.
What is molecular geometry?
Refers to the position of only the bonding pairs of electrons in a molecule.
*determined by coordination #, which is #of bonds, no lone pairs
Which molecules are naturally diatomic?
Mostly Group 7: F2, Br2, I2 & H2, N2, O2,
What is a London dispersion force?
The weakest interactions, but are present in all atoms and molecules. As size increase so does force.
What are Hydrogen bonds?
Hydrogen bonding occurs when hydrogen is bonded to one of three
very electronegative atoms—fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen
What is the idealized and non idealized geometry for a SN of 2?
Linear
What is the SN for Trigonal Planar geometry? (Idealized)
3
What is the idealized and non idealized geometry for a SN of 4?
Idealized: AX4 Tetrahedral
Nonidealized:
- AX3E Trigonal Pyramidal
- AX2E2 Bent
What is the idealized and non idealized geometry for a SN of 5?
Idealized: AX5 Trigonal Bipyramidal
Nonidealized:
- AX4E See-Saw
- AX3E2 “T”-Shape
- AX2E3 Linear
What is the idealized and non idealized geometry for a SN of 3?
Idealized: AX3 Trigonal Planar
Nonidealized:
- Bent AX2E
What is the idealized and non idealized geometry for a SN of 6?
Idealized: AX6 Octahedral
Non Idealized:
- AX5E Square Pyramidal
- AX4E2 Square Planar
