Chapter 2 Periodic Table Flashcards
What are rows on periodic table called?
Periods
What are columns on the periodic table called?
Groups
What do elements in the same group share?
The same valence shell electron configuration.
If they’re same type they behave in the same way.
What do elements in the same period share?
The same principal energy level, n.
What is the configuration of periodic table?
Left and middle - Metals
Nonmetals - Right
Staircase from B (boron) - Metalloids
What is the trend for Effective nuclear charge?
Increases from left to right across a period
What is the relation between valence electrons and n?
As n increases (top to bottom), valence e- become separated from the nucleus.
What is trend for atomic radius?
Decreases from left to right
What is the trend for ionization energy?
Increase from left to right
Decreases top to bottom
What is ionization energy?
Energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous species.
measures the tendency of an atom to give up an electron
*Harder to remove means larger ionization energy
*Endothermic
What is effective nuclear charge (Zeff)?
Measure of net positive charge experienced by the outermost electrons.
*Greater Zeff means closer the valence
electrons are to the nucleus and more tightly bound.
What is electron affinity?
The amount of energy released when a gaseous species gains an electron in its valence shell.
measures the tendency of an atom to receive
an electron.
What is the trend for electron afiinity?
Increases left to right
Decreases top to bottom
*Decreases b/c valence shell is further from nucleus
What is the trend for electronegativity?
Increases left to right
Decreases top to bottom
What is the oxidation state of halogens?
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