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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE > CHAPTER 3 : BIOSPHERE and the ECOSYSTEM > Flashcards

CHAPTER 3 : BIOSPHERE and the ECOSYSTEM Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

___ is a single, living
thing and can be an animal, a
plant, or a microorganism, grow and respond to
their environment.

A

organism

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2
Q

examples of organism

A

cells
tissues
organ
organ system
organism
human

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3
Q

The term we use to describe
multiple individuals or organisms
of a single species that live within
a particular geographic area.

A

Population

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4
Q

The term used to describe two or
more populations of different
species that occupy the same
space at the same time.

A

Community

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5
Q

The term used to describe both
the biotic (living) and abiotic
(nonliving) factors in a system

A

ecosystem

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6
Q

•The term used to describe organisms
that occupy a certain area and are determined by the
primary vegetation type, the climate
of the area, and the geographic
location.

A

Biome

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7
Q

The term used to describe the
combination of every ecosystem
on the planet and includes all living
beings and their relationships.

A

Biosphere

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8
Q

Earth is our ___

A

Biosphere

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9
Q

• The term ___ was first coined by A.G.Tansley, an English botanist, in 1935.
•Life is sustained by the interactions of many organisms functioning together, interacting
through their physical and chemical environments.
• It is the functional unit of biosphere where the living organisms interact with
each other and the surrounding environment.

A

Ecosystem

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10
Q

3 types of ecosystem

A

Terrestrial ecosystem
Aquatic ecosystems
Ecosystem services

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11
Q

This type of ecosystem are exclusively land-based ecosystems.

A

Terrestrial Ecosystem

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12
Q

different types of terrestrial ecosystems

A

Forest Ecosystems
Grassland Ecosystems
Tundra Ecosystems
Desert Ecosystem

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13
Q

•Consists of several plants, animals and microorganisms that live in coordination with
the abiotic factors of the environment.

•Forests help in maintaining the temperature of the earth and are the major carbon
sink.

A

Forest Ecosystem

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14
Q

The classification is as per the respective climate

A

boreal, temperate or tropical

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15
Q

in temperate zones may have a flora of coniferous type,
deciduous type or a combination of both the types

A

forest ecosystems

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16
Q

in the tropics have the most diverse plant and animal
ecosystem than any other region on the earth. Here, trees grow tall and foliage
is dense and lush with a warm and humid environment, with species right from
the root level up till the canopy

A

rainforest ecosystems

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17
Q

___ are featured in the far north, with a rich population of the
coniferous trees, known as the taiga.

A

Boreal forests

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18
Q

The vegetation is dominated by grasses and herbs

A

Grassland ecosystem

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19
Q

examples of grassland ecosystems

A

Temperate grasslands, savanna grasslands

20
Q

Temperate grasslands, savanna grasslands are found in savannas, steppes, and prairies, in the temperate and tropical regions.
They can exist in colder regions as well (Siberian Steppe) and
share a common characteristic: ___

A

semi-aridity

21
Q

may be scattered along with the grass but trees are
almost non- existent. Grasslands are ideal for animal-grazing

A

flowers

22
Q

___ ecosystems are devoid of trees and are found in cold
climates or where rainfall is scarce.
These are covered with snow for most of the year.

A

Tundra ecosystem

23
Q

___ are found throughout the world. These are regions with very
little rainfall. The days are hot and the nights are cold.
The most defining feature of this ecosystem is the amount of
precipitation it receives, which is the least as compared to any
ecosystem.

A

Desert

24
Q

organisms that can be found in the desert

A

rocks, sand dunes, flora is very rare
but highly adaptive animal species, and insects

25
Q

___ are ecosystems present in a body of water. These can be further
divided into two types, namely: freshwater and marine ecosystem

A

Aquatic Ecosystem

26
Q

This type of aquatic ecosystem have no salt content

A

freshwater ecosystem

27
Q

seas and oceans belongs to what type of aquatic ecosystem

A

marine ecosystem

28
Q

lakes, ponds, rivers, streams and wetlands belongs to what type of aquatic ecosystem

A

freshwater ecosystem

29
Q

This type of aquatic ecosystem have more substantial salt content and greater biodiversity in comparison to the freshwater ecosystem.

A

marine ecosystem

30
Q

___ are the multitude of benefits that nature provides to society (FAO,
2021) and making people aware of these benefits may encourage
them to design better habitat management (Richards et al., 2017).

A

Ecosystem Services

31
Q

in what way individuals in a community interact in an ecosystem

A

by feeding on one another

32
Q

Energy, chemical elements, and some compounds are
transferred from creature to creature along ___, the linkage of who feeds on whom.

A

food chain

33
Q

The more complex linkages
are called ___

A

food webs

34
Q

A ___ consists of all
organisms in a food web that are the
same number of feeding levels away from
the original energy source.

A

trophic level

35
Q

greek word of tropical level

A

trephein, meaning to nourish, thus the
“nourishing level”

36
Q

In most ecosystems, what is the source of energy

A

sun

37
Q

components of tropic level

A

autotrophs, heterotrophs

38
Q

plants, algae, and certain bacteria
produce sugars through
the process of
___, using
only energy from the
sun and carbon dioxide
(CO2) from the air.

A

photosynthesis

39
Q

from (self)
the words auto and trephein (to nourish), thus “self-nourishing”

A

Autotrophs

40
Q

types of heterotrophs

A

herbivores
carnivores
omnivores
decomposers

41
Q

organisms that feed
on plants, algae, or photosynthetic
bacteria—are members of the
second trophic level

A

herbivores

42
Q

___ or meat- eaters, that
feed directly on herbivores make
up the third trophic level

A

carnivores

43
Q

Those that feed on both plant and
animals are the ___

A

omnivores

44
Q

that feed on dead organic material,
are classified in the highest
trophic level in an ecosystem.

A

decomposers

45
Q

why food webs are complex

A

because most
species feed on several trophic levels

46
Q

how food web works

A

A species that feeds on several
levels placed in a category one
above the highest level it feeds on

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (7 decks)

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