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AP Psychology > Chapter 3: Biopsychology > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Biopsychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Phrenology

A

Idea that people’s behaviors and characteristics were based on the shape of their skull

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2
Q

Neuron

A

Cell that receive chemical signals and transfer them into electrical messages and send them to the next cell

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3
Q

Resting Potential

A

Neuron is positive on the outside and negative on the inside. It is polarized.

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4
Q

Threshold

A

when there are enough neurotransmitters to fire

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5
Q

Action Potential

A

Electrical charge that travels down the axon. Chemical gates allow + ions to enter. One gate opens like dominoes. This is called depolarization.

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6
Q

All or None Law

A

either it fires or does not fire. There is no middle ground

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7
Q

Neurotransmitters Sent

A

End bulbs eject vesicles of neurotransmitters across the synapse to receptor sites.

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8
Q

Reuptake

A

sending neuron reabsorbs excess neurotransmitters

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9
Q

Refractory Period

A

time during which the neuron becomes polarized before it can fire again.

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10
Q

Afferent Neurons

A

“Sensory neurons” body-> brain

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11
Q

Efferent neurons

A

“motor neurons” brain -> body

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12
Q

Interneurons

A

neurons within the brain/spinal chord

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13
Q

Cell Body

A

where DNA and energy is stored

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14
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive chemical messages.

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15
Q

Axon

A

What message travels down

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16
Q

Myelin sheath

A

insulates and protects axon

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17
Q

Axon Terminals

A

send out message

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18
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

actual chemical messengers

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19
Q

Synapse

A

Space between neruons

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20
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

muscle movement/memory

low: Alzheimers High: paralysis

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21
Q

Dopamine

A

movement/alertness

low: parkinson’s high: schitzophrenia

22
Q

Endorphins

A

painkiller

runner’s high

23
Q

Serotonin

A

mood/sleep

low: depression & sleep/eating disorder

24
Q

Norepinepherine

A

arousal/alertness/ like adrenaline

low: ADD/ADHD

25
Q

GABA

A

inhibatory

low:insomnia &anxiety

26
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitaty

high: migraines & siezures

27
Q

Glial Cells

A

provide support fro neurons by nourishing, removing wast and providing insulation

28
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

on sides (in legs/arms)

29
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain/ spinal cord

30
Q

Automatic NS

A

controls self regulated actions of internal organs and glands

31
Q

Somatic NS

A

Voluntary movements of skeletal muscles

32
Q

Sympathetic NS

A

Fight or flight

33
Q

Parasympathetic NS

A

calming

34
Q

Endocrine system

A

hormone system that involves glands throughout the body.

35
Q

EEG

A

measures electrical waves. mostly used for sleep studies

36
Q

CT Scans

A

uses x-rays to show the Brain structure

37
Q

PET Scan

A

involves injecting radioactive solution into the blood. When the fluid is absorbed by the brain cells we can see the activity

38
Q

MRI

A

creates a highly detailed picture using electromagnetic signals. Can see brain from every angle.

39
Q

fMRI

A

allows you to see structure and activity together

40
Q

Lesion

A

destroyed part of the brain. The results help us to understand what that part of the brain does

41
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

brain’s ability to change

42
Q

Cerebellum

A

coordination and balance

43
Q

Medulla

A

life support system/ breathing and heartrate

44
Q

Pons

A

sleep and relaxation

45
Q

RAS

A

attention and allertness

46
Q

Brain stem

A

consists of Medulla RAS and Pons

47
Q

Thalamus

A

sensory switchboard

sends information where it needs to go

48
Q

Hypothalamus

A

master regulator; it controls hunger, thirst, etc.

49
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Master gland; tells other glands what to do

50
Q

Amygdala

A

emotional center; mostly fear and agression

51
Q

Hippocampus

A

memory formation

52
Q

Limbic System

A

amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus

AP Psychology (3 decks)

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