Chapter 1: History and Approaches Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Goals of Psychology

A

Describe, explain, predict, and influence thoughts and behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Basic/Pure Science

A

pursuit of knowledge through scientific methods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Applied Science

A

Using scientific findings to accomplish practical goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Psychologist

A

Has a phD and helps people with problems. Often conducts research and can work in several fields

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Psychiatrist

A

Has an MD and can prescribe medication; Generally treats severe issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Clinical Psychologist

A

Therapist; sees people with disorders and helps to decrease their symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Counseling

A

Help with every-day problems like grief or divorce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Educational Psychologist

A

study how people learn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Human Factors Psychologist

A

Help companies to make products user friendly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Industrial/Organizational Psychologist

A

Help to make employees more productive and maximize team work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gestalt Psychologist

A

Study perception. How a sensation becomes an organized thought

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

School Psychologist

A

test for learning abnormalities and how to help

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Social Psychologist

A

Studies anything to do with multiple people, romance, teams etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sports Psychologist

A

Work with athletes (get over yips)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Developmental psychologist

A

how people change all the time and what causes this

17
Q

Experimental Psychologist

A

Conducts experiments and test hypothesis

18
Q

Socrates and Plato

A

Nature; Knowledge is innate

19
Q

Rene Descartes

A

Dualism; separate mind controls body

20
Q

Aristotle

A

Knowledge comes from experiences

21
Q

John Locke

A

Tabula Rasa

Empiricism: Knowledge comes form experience so science should rely on observation and expirimentation

22
Q

Structuralism

A

Founded by William Wundt; focused on introspection and the basic elements of the human experience

23
Q

William Wundt

A

Founder of Structuralism; had first psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany.

24
Q

Edward Titchner

A

William Wundt’s sudent

25
Q

William James

A

Focused of function of the mind; Taught the first Psychology class at Harvard. Wrote the first Text book of Psychology (The principle of Psychology)

26
Q

Functionalism

A

Founded by William James and focused on the function of the mind

27
Q

Mary Whiton Calkins

A

James’s student who was refused her phD. First female president of APA.

28
Q

Biological Perspective

A

Focuses on the brain, hormones, genes and neurotransmitters as a cause of things

29
Q

Behavioral Perspective

A

Founded By John Watson, BF Skinner, and Ivan Pavlov.

Uses rewards, punishments, conditioning, environment and observational learning as reason.

30
Q

Humanistic Perspective

A

Founded by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Believe Humans are unique, in self actualization, potential for growth and free will

31
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

Thoughts, mental processes, interpretation, problem solving

32
Q

Sociocultural Perspective

A

Influences of Cultures, and situations; social norms and values; gender, socioeconomic status, etc.

33
Q

Evolutionary Perspective

A

Founded by Darwin;

Natural selection; survival; reproduction;

34
Q

Eclectic/Biopsychosocial

A

terms used to describe the new approach to psychology that encompasses more than one perspective

35
Q

Positive Psychology

A

the scientific study of human happiness and well being

Founded by Marin Seligman