Chapter 3 - Biological molecules - Protein synthesis Flashcards
what is the process of turning DNA into RNA
transcription
what is the process of turning RNA into a protein
translation
what is the site of protein synthesis
ribosome
what process is transcription similar to
DNA replication
how does transcription begin
DNA helicase unwinds the double strand of DNA beginning at a start codon (breaking hydrogen bonds)
which strand of DNA codes for the protein
the sense strand (the other is the antisense strand/template strand)
which strand do the free RNA nucleotides bond to
the antisense/template strand (the RNA will be the same as the sense strand)
what is different between RNA and DNA
t in DNA replaced with u in RNA
what forms the phoshodiester bonds between the RNA nucleotides
DNA polymerase
what is the completed short strand of RNA called
messenger (m)RNA
what happens once the strand is complete
it detaches from the DNA and leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore and the DNA double helix reforms. the (m)RNA travels to a ribosome
which types of RNA are found in ribosomes and what do they do
ribosomal (r)RNA (maintains the structural stability of the protein synthesis sequence) and transfer (t)RNA (necessary for the translation of (m)RNA)
describe the structure of (t)RNA
folded into a way that has three loops with one being the anticodon loop. at the end of this loop is the three bases making up the anticodon. at the opposite end is an amino acid
describe the process of translation
mRNA binds to the small subunit of the ribosome at its start codon
a tRNA with the complementary anticodon binds to the mRNA start codon
another tRNA binds to the next codon on the mRNA (a maximum of two tRNA molecules can bind at one time)
the first amino acid binds to the second with a peptide bond
the ribosome moves along the mRNA and releases the first tRNA molecule so another can bind at the third codon on th mRNA
if the codon ATG is on the DNA template strand, what will be on the (m)RNA and on the (t)RNA
UAC on mRNA and ATG on tRNA
