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biology 1105 > Chapter 3: Biological Macromoleucle > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Biological Macromoleucle Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

5’ end

A

phosphate group attached to it

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2
Q

3’ end

A

hydroxyl group attached to it

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3
Q

Alpha helix

A

protein secondary structure; cylindrical shape

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4
Q

Amino

A

left side of dipeptide

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5
Q

Amino acid

A

contain amino group and a carboxyl group

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6
Q

ATP

A

energy currency of the cell

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7
Q

Beta Sheet

A

protein secondary structure; planar shape

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8
Q

Isomer

A

organic molecules having the same molecular or empirical formula can exist in different forms

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9
Q

Carbon

A

carbon atoms may bind to other carbon atoms, or to atoms of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, or sulfur.

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10
Q

Carbonyl

A

carbohydrates, nucleic acids

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11
Q

Carboxyl

A

proteins, lipids

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12
Q

Polymer

A

a long molecule built by linking together a large number of small, similar chemical subunits

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13
Q

Complementary base

A

bases that participate in base-pairing

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14
Q

C-terminus

A

right side of dipeptide; called carboxy

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15
Q

DNA

A

stores genetic information; double strands; Thymine; 2’-Deoxyribose sugar; “double helix”; anti-parallel arrangement

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16
Q

Denaturation

A

proteins can be denatured when the pH, temperature, or ionic concentration of the surrounding solution changes

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17
Q

Deoxyribose

A

a sugar derived from ribose by replacing a hydroxyl group with hydrogen. found in DNA

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18
Q

Purine

A

large, double-ring molecules found in both DNA and RNA; 2 types are Adenine and Guanine

19
Q

Disulfide bonds

A

in proteins are formed between the thiol groups of cysteine residues by the process of oxidative folding.

20
Q

Quaternary structure

A

interaction between 2 or more polypeptides (subunits); generated by same types of bonds that produce tertiary structure

21
Q

RNA

A

single stranded; uracil; ribose sugar

22
Q

Secondary structure

A

two types: alpha helix and beta sheet; depends on noncovalent H bonds between nearby amino acid subunits

23
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

composed of hydrogen and carbon

24
Q

Hydroxyl

A

functional group found in carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids

25
Q

N-terminus

A

left side of dipeptide; called Amino

26
Q

Macromolecule

A

very large molecule, such as a protein

27
Q

Purine

A

large, double-ring molecules found in both DNA and RNA; 2 types are Adenine and Guanine

28
Q

Pyrimidine

A

single ringed molecules; Cytosine (DNA & RNA), Thymine (DNA), Uracil (RNA)

29
Q

Quaternary structure

A

interaction between 2 or more polypeptides (subunits); generated by same types of bonds that produce tertiary structure

30
Q

R group

A

called side chain; determines the chemical properties of each amino acid

31
Q

RNA

A

single stranded; uracil; ribose sugar

32
Q

Secondary structure

A

two types: alpha helix and beta sheet; depends on noncovalent H bonds between nearby amino acid subunits

33
Q

Tertiary structure

A

generated by interactions between amino acids far apart in sequence

34
Q

Nucleotide

A

a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.

35
Q

Peptide bond

A

a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water (H2O)

36
Q

Phosphate group

A

attached to one end of the glycerol

37
Q

Phosphodiester bond

A

a chemical bond of the kind joining successive sugar molecules in a polynucleotide.

38
Q

Polypeptide

A

chains in proteins; composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

39
Q

Primary structure

A

of a protein is its amino acid sequence

40
Q

Protein

A

A molecule composed of polymers of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds. It can be distinguished from fats and carbohydrates by containing nitrogen.

41
Q

Ribose

A

sugar found in RNA

42
Q

Sulfhydryl

A

functional group found in proteins

43
Q

Tertiary structure

A

generated by interactions between amino acids far apart in sequence

44
Q

Hydrolysis

A

the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.

biology 1105 (3 decks)

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